Common Chemical Compounds and Reactions

Aluminium phosphate is a chemical compound. It is used in cake mixes and in some baking powders as a leavening agent to help baked goods rise. Medicinally it is used as adsorbent for toxoid. It is used industrially as a high-temperature dehydrating agent.

This option is correct because silica-alumina, zeolites and aluminium hydrosilicate are used in catalytic cracking. Lithium aluminium hydride used as a reducing agent in organic synthesis, especially for the reduction of esters, carboxylic acids, and amides and Anhydrous Aluminium chloride is used as a catalyst for Friedel–Crafts reactions, both acylation and alkylation.

Potassium cyanide is an inorganic compound with the formula KCN. This colorless crystalline compound, similar in appearance to sugar, is highly soluble in water. Most KCN is used in gold mining, organic synthesis, and electroplating. Smaller applications include jewellery for chemical gilding and buffing.

Sodium percarbonate is a chemical, an adduct of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide (a perhydrate), with formula Na₂CO₃·1.5H₂O₂. It is a colorless, crystalline, hygroscopic and water-soluble solid. It is used in some eco-friendly cleaning products and as a laboratory source of anhydrous hydrogen peroxide.

Sea salt , obtained by the evaporation of seawater, is used in cooking and cosmetics. It is historically called bay salt or solar salt. Generally more expensive than table salt, it is commonly used in gourmet cooking and specially potato chips.

Ammonium carbonate is a commercial salt with the chemical formula (NH₄)₂CO₃. It is used when crushed as a smelling salt. It can be crushed when needed in order to revive someone who has fainted. It is also known as baker's ammonia and was a predecessor to the more modern leavening agents: baking soda and baking powder.

Hard water contains dissolved salts of calcium (Ca) and magnesium. When water percolates through limestone, chalk, or gypsum deposits, it dissolves calcium and magnesium ions. Hard water is characterized by high mineral content, primarily calcium and magnesium ions.

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is commonly known as baking soda in household use. Washing soda is sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and hypo is sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3).

NaCl is the chemical formula for sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt. It consists of one sodium atom (Na) bonded to one chlorine atom (Cl). Sodium chlorine is not the correct name, and soda ash refers to sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).

Water's chemical name is hydrogen oxide (H2O), where two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom. While 'dihydrogen monoxide' is more precise, hydrogen oxide is acceptable. Sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate, and calcium oxide are entirely different compounds.

Silver nitrate (AgNO3) is historically known as 'caustic lotion' in medical contexts. It was used as a cauterizing agent. Sodium chloride is common salt, calcium oxide is quicklime, and sodium sulphate is a different salt.

This option is correct. Nitrogen pentaoxide and nitrogen oxide  react with water to form small amount of nitric acid also called as aqua fortis.

Common salt is sodium chloride (NaCl), the most common salt used in food. Sodium bicarbonate is baking soda, magnesium carbonate is a compound in antacids, and calcium carbonate is found in limestone and shells.

Calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate are correct. Pearls are primarily composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of aragonite crystals, held together by conchiolin (an organic protein). Natural pearls also contain small amounts of magnesium carbonate. The other options are incorrect - CO & CO2 are gases, calcium hydroxide is a different compound, and sodium oxide is not found in pearls.