Cellular Respiration and Enzymes

Cellular respiration is a catabolic process because it involves the breakdown of complex organic molecules like glucose into simpler molecules, releasing energy in the process.

In aerobic respiration, the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose typically yields a theoretical maximum of 38 ATP molecules in prokaryotes (though often 36 in eukaryotes due to shuttle costs).

 The end products of respiration in plants are CO₂, H₂O and energy.

The Cori cycle, or lactic acid cycle, involves the transport of lactate from muscles to the liver, where it is converted back to glucose.

ATP serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, providing immediate energy for various cellular processes.

This is the correct option. Mitochondria produce energy for all the activities of the cell by using glucose and oxygen.

Thermogenin present in the mitochondria of brown adipose (fat) cells form an alternate channel for protons, disrupting the formation of the proton gradient and uncoupling proton passage from ATP formation. The energy that normally would synthesize ATP is instead released as heat—the needs of hibernating animals. Rerouting ATP formation to release heat is called thermogenesis.

ATP - Adenosine tri phosphate, molecule found in all living organisms that is the main immediate source of usable energy for the activities of the cell. ATP (Adenosine tri phosphate) is provided in the form of energy by the cell organelle- mitochondria. 

These are the enzymes, that actively catalyze the formation of a chemical bond, between two unrelated molecules. They add molecular groups to a substrate.

These are enzymes that catalyze only isomerization reactions. These enzymes are responsible for the chemical interconversion of aldose to ketose sugars, as an example.

The organic substances, which are catabolised in the living cells to release energy are called as respiratory substrates. Though carbohydrate, fat or protein may act as a respiratory substrate, but the common respiratory substrate is glucose.

Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of cell and does not need oxygen. Its is a common process in all living beings. Glycolysis is also called E.M.P. pathway. There is a net gain of two ATP and two NADH molecules in glycolysis. It is a common stage in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration .

The compounds that are oxidized during aerobic respiration are known as respiratory substrate which releases the entire energy available in the glucose.

ATP- Adenosine Tri-Phosphate is a highly energetic molecule which is generally known as energy carrier of the cell. This chemical compound is very significant in biology as it stores the high amount of energy required for the vital functions of the cell. The energy released in respiration is stored in in the form of ATP

Glycolysis converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate(pyruvic acid), it makes energy in the form of two net molecules of ATP. Four molecules of ATP per glucose are actually produced; however, two are consumed for the preparatory phase.So, the net gain of ATP molecules is 2.