Biology

Cell Cycle and Chromosomes

1,348 Questions

Explore a curated list of questions covering the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis. Topics include DNA replication, chromosomal structures, and genetic disorders. This material is essential for students preparing for biology and general science competitive exams.

Cell cycle eventsDNA replicationMeiosis processChromosomal structuresGenetic disorders

Cell Cycle and Chromosomes Questions

Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Centrosome includes a pair of centrioles that help in cell division by spindle formation. The non-dividing cells in human are

  1. Chondrocytes

  2. Epithelial cells

  3. Neurons

  4. Neuroglial cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Chondrocytes are the cells that are found in cartilage. These cells can divide forming a nest of 2-4 cells.
B. Epithelial cells are the cells lining the surfaces of the body. These cells can also divide by mitosis.
C. Neurons or the nerve cells are the largest cells in the body and found in the nervous system. These cells do not have centrioles and hence, do not undergo cell division.
D. Neuroglial cells are the cells in the central nervous system, other than neurons. These cells are meant for the protection of neurons and can divide by mitosis.
Hence, non-dividing cells in humans are neurons.

So, the correct answer is 'Neurons'.
Multiple choice zoology inherited changes compatibility of blood groups blood group blood groups and compatibility advance

Multiple alleles are situated at 

  1. Homologous chromosme at same locus

  2. Homologous chromosome at different locus

  3. Non-homologous chromosome at different locus

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Alleles are alternative forms of a gene. They are responsible for differences in phenotypic expression of a given trait. When a gene exists in three or more allelic forms it is called multiple allele. Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs, one from each parent. They are similar in length, gene position and centromere location. Multiple alleles are situated in homologous chromosome at the same locus. Thus the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life nucleus organelles in cell membranous and non-membranous organells

The mature mammalian red blood cells are incapable of further division because

  1. DNA sequences are redundant

  2. The nuclei are lobed

  3. They lack nuclei

  4. The mitotic apparatus is absent
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Because of the lack of nuclei and organelles, mature red blood cells do not contain DNA and cannot synthesize any RNA, and consequently can not divide and have limited repair capabilities. 

So, the correct option is C. (They lack nuclei)

Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life nucleus organelles in cell membranous and non-membranous organells

The chromosomes lies inside

  1. Nucleus

  2. Nucleolus

  3. Cytoplasm

  4. Golgi apparatus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The nucleolus is the largest structure present in the nucleus. Ribosome synthesis and assemblage occurs in nucleolus region. 
Chromosomes are not present in the cytoplasm. 
Golgi apparatus does not possess chromosomes. 
The nucleus is the double membrane bound structure of the cell in which most of the genetic material is present in the form of chromosomes. The nucleus is present in eukaryotic cells. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life nucleus organelles in cell membranous and non-membranous organells

Where are the chromosomes found in cell? 

  1. Nucleus

  2. Cytoplasm

  3. Lysosome

  4. Ribosome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A chromosome is a thread-like structure which is made of DNA tightly coiled many times around protein core made of histone proteins. Histone protein supports and stabilizes the structure. They are found in the nucleoplasm of the nucleus. They are absent in cytoplasm, lysosome, and ribosome. 

Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life nucleus organelles in cell membranous and non-membranous organells

Karyology is the study of

  1. Cytoplasm

  2. Cell

  3. Mitochondria

  4. Nucleus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. The term is also used for the complete set of chromosomes in a species or in an individual organism. The study of whole sets of chromosomes is sometimes known as karyology. Hence, the karyology is the study of the nucleus.
  • So, the correct answer is 'nucleus'.
Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life nucleus organelles in cell membranous and non-membranous organells

Experiments to demonstrate importance of nucleus in controlling growth and heredity were performed on

  1. Acetabularia

  2. Neurospora

  3. Leucocytes

  4. Starfish egg
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Hammerling's nucleocytoplasmic experiments state that the cytoplasm is the centre for all the metabolic activities in the cell and the nucleus is the controlling centre. 

  • This experiment was conducted using Acetabularia.

  • Acetabularia is a genus unicellular or single-celled green algae belonging to the family Polyphysaceae which are found in subtropical waters.

  • They are gigantic in size and complex in form, therefore, used in experiments in cell biology.

  • So, the correct answer is 'Acetabularia'.

Multiple choice biology cell-the basic unit of life nucleus organelles in cell membranous and non-membranous organells

Chromatin material which remains condensed during interphase is called

  1. Heterochromatin

  2. Euchromatin

  3. Chromonemata

  4. Megachromatin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Chromatin material which remains condensed during interphase is called heterochromatin.
  • Heterochromatin refers to the certain regions of DNA found on the chromosomes of a eukaryotic cell.
  • The heterochromatin gets darkly stained due to the highly condensed nature of the DNA in these regions and has higher ribonucleic acid content.
  • This heterochromatin is made up of high copy number tandem repeats (repetitive nucleotides).
  • So, the correct answer is 'Heterochromatin'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

An analysis of chromosomal DNA using Southern hybridisation technique does not use

  1. Blotting

  2. Autoradiography

  3. PCR

  4. Electrophoresis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Southern hybridization involves DNA digestion, electrophoresis, blotting, and probe hybridization. PCR is a separate technique for amplification and is not a standard step in the Southern blotting procedure itself.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

Which ones are simple sequence repeats (SSRs)

  1. Minisatellite sequences

  2. Microsatellites

  3. Pseudogenes

  4. Multiple gene family.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), sometimes described as genetic 'stutters,' are DNA tracts in which a short base-pair motif is repeated several to many times in tandem (e.g. CAGCAGCAG). These sequences experience frequent mutations that alter the number of repeats similar to Multigene Family, a set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene.

So, the correct answer is 'Multiple gene family.'