Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,062 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a set of single membrane bounded organelles?

  1. Ribosome, Nucleolus, and Chromosome

  2. Ribosome, Nucleolus, and Lysosome

  3. Nucleolus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Golgi complex

  4. Lysosome, Ribosome and Chromosome

  5. Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi complex, and Lysosome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi complex, and Lysosome, all are single membrane bounded organelles.

Multiple choice

Match the column – I (structures of cells) with column – II (relative functions) and select the correct option.

 
Column – I
Column – II
A. Cytoplasmic membrane 1. Mineral storage of cells
B. Ribosome 2. Protein synthesis
C. Inclusion body 3. Tough, heat resistance structure that helps bacteria survive in adverse conditions
D. Endospore 4. Regulation of substance transport into and out of cells

  1. A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4

  2. A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3

  3. A - 4, B - 2, C - 1, D - 3

  4. A - 3, B - 2, C - 4, D - 1

  5. A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Correct answer. The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells Ribosomes are small, electron-dense particles not enclosed in membrane and are located in the cytosol. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis. Inclusion bodies are the transitory residents of the cytoplasm not involved in cell metabolism and do not survive cell division. They comprise mainly accumulated metabolites, lipid droplets and pigments and are sporadically distributed in body cells. An endospore is dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structures produced by certain bacteria from the Firmicute phylum, that help bacteria survive in adverse conditions.

Multiple choice

Which cell layer of transitional epithelium is rich in golgi apparatus?

  1. Superficial layer

  2. Basal layer

  3. Intermediate layer

  4. Stratum corneum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The intermediate cell layer is highly proliferative and, therefore, provides for rapid cell regeneration in response to injury or infection of the organ or tube in which it resides. These cells contain a prominent golgi apparatus and an array of membrane-bound vesicles.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is an example of a transducer cell?

  1. Alveolar epithelial cell

  2. Auditory hair cell

  3. Gut epithelial cell

  4. Brush bordered cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Auditory hair cells are transducer cells, i.e. it is a sensory epithelium where specialised cells reside that convert external signals such as sound into an electrical signal, that the neuronal system can detect.

Multiple choice

Which epithelial cells have an outer slimy layer called glycocalyx?

  1. Goblet cells

  2. Brush-border cells

  3. Paneth cells

  4. Enteroendocrine cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Over the top of the brush-border cell lies a slim, or extracellular matrix known as a glycocalyx. This is made up of oligosaccharide side chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The glycocalyx functions in the catalysis of digestion of proteins and carbohydrates.

Multiple choice

A tissue is

  1. a medicine

  2. a group of similar cells

  3. a kind of cloth

  4. a kind of paper
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism. A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells and from the same origin, that together carry out a specific function. These are called tissues because of their identical functioning. Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues.