Chemistry · General Awareness

Carbon and Fossil Fuels

1,898 Questions

Review fundamental concepts regarding carbon compounds, coal distillation, and fossil fuel formation. This segment covers the chemical properties and industrial applications of natural gas and crude oil. Practicing these questions will strengthen your chemistry foundation for general science sections.

Coal distillationPetroleum formationProperties of crude oilNatural gas applications

Carbon and Fossil Fuels Questions

Multiple choice chemistry rocks and minerals coal petroleum non-renewable sources of energy

Petroleum is formed under the earth's crust by chemical changes in:

  1. Vegetable matter

  2. Inorganic matter

  3. Animal matter

  4. Both vegetable and animal matter
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Petroleum which is also known as crude oil  is a fossil fuel that was formed from the remains of  marine organisms and plant wastes (vegetable).

Millions of years ago, algae and plants lived in shallow areas  seas. After dying and sinking to the seabottom, the organic material mixed with other sediments and was buried. Over millions of years under high pressure and high temperature, the remains of these organisms transformed into what we know today as fossil fuels by the various chemical process . Coal, natural gas, and petroleum are all fossil fuels that formed under similar conditions.

Hence option D is corrrect.

Multiple choice chemistry rocks and minerals coal petroleum non-renewable sources of energy

Which of the following statements is correct?

  1. LPG is a mixture of butane and propane.

  2. LPG is liquefied methane.

  3. LPG is liquefied propane.

  4. LPG is a mixture of methane and ethane.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Liquified petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipments and vehicles. LPG is a mixture of mainly liquefied butane and propane.
Multiple choice chemistry world energy needs coal petroleum non-renewable sources of energy

During fractional distillation of petroleum, different fractions are obtained. Their name, number of carbon atoms, temperature range at which it is obtained, their uses are given. There is an error in one of the alternatives. In which alternative there is an error?

  1. Petrol, ${ C } _{ 5 }to{ C } _{ 10 }$, 303K to 393K, fuel in vehicles.
  2. diesel, ${ C } _{ 15 }to{ C } _{ 18 }$, 533K to 613K, fuel in vehicles and generators.
  3. Neptha, ${ C } _{ 8 }to{ C } _{ 10 }$, 393K to 453K, solvent in petro chemicals.
  4. lubricating oil, ${ C } _{ 8 }to{ C } _{ 12 }$, 400K, fuel in high speed vehicles.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Lubricating oil,$C _{16}$ to $C _{20}$ above 613K is used as lubrication oil in machine and to prepare grease,vaseline etc.

 Therefore,lubricating oil $C _8$ to $C _{12}$,400K fuel in high speed vehicles is the correct answer.
Multiple choice chemistry world energy needs coal petroleum non-renewable sources of energy

Which of the following represents the chief constituents of green oil?

  1. benzene, toluene, xylenes, etc.

  2. phenol, naphthalene, etc.

  3. cresols, naphthalene, etc.

  4. anthracene, phenanthrene, etc.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Anthracene, phenanthrene, etc. represent the chief constituents of green oil.

Multiple choice chemistry world energy needs coal petroleum non-renewable sources of energy

Which of the following represents the chief constituents of creosote oil?

  1. Benzene, toluene, xylenes, etc.

  2. Phenol, naphthalene, etc.

  3. Cresols, naphthalene, etc.

  4. Anthracene, phenanthrene, etc.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cresols, naphthalene, etc. represents the chief constituents of Creosote oil.

Multiple choice chemistry world energy needs coal petroleum non-renewable sources of energy

Which fraction contains pyridine?

  1. Light oil or crude naphtha

  2. Middle oil or carbolic oil

  3. Heavy oil or Creosote oil

  4. Anthracene oil or Green oil
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Light oil or crude naphtha contains pyridine.
Whereas middle oil or carbolic oil contains phenol and naphthalene and green oil contains anthracene.

Multiple choice chemistry world energy needs coal petroleum non-renewable sources of energy

Which of the following is used in varnishes, road-making and protecting wood and metal work?

  1. pitch or undistilled residue

  2. creosote oil

  3. carbolic oil

  4. crude naphtha
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

 Pitch or undistilled residue is used in varnishes, road-making and protecting wood and metal work

Multiple choice chemistry world energy needs coal petroleum non-renewable sources of energy

Coal tar is the main source of:

  1. aromatic compounds

  2. alicyclic compounds

  3. aliphatic compounds

  4. nitro compounds
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Coal tar is a complex mixture of phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heterocyclic compounds but it is mainly used as the main source for aromatic compounds.

Multiple choice chemistry world energy needs coal petroleum non-renewable sources of energy

When fractional distillation of coal tar is carried out, the percentage of which fraction is maximum?

  1. Pitch

  2. Gasoline

  3. Lubricating oil

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

When fractional distillation of coal tar is carried out,  the maximum percentage is of pitch. Pitch is undistilled residue. It is about 50-60%.

Multiple choice chemistry world energy needs coal petroleum non-renewable sources of energy

When a fractional distillation of coal tar is carried out, the percentage of which fraction is minimum?

  1. Light oil or crude naphtha

  2. Middle oil or carbolic oil

  3. Heavy oil or creosote oil

  4. Green oil or anthracene oil
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

During the fractional distillation of coal tar, the fraction which has minimum percentage is light oil or crude naphtha. It is obtained only $1.5-2\%$ in the distillation.

Multiple choice economics environment and sustainable development need for sustainable development environmental economics sustainable development

GAIL is concerned with which of the following operations?

  1. Refining of petroleum.

  2. Oil exploration and production.

  3. Processing and distribution of natural gas.

  4. LPG (cooking gas) distributorship.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

GAIL (India) Limited is the largest state-owned natural gas processing and distribution company headquartered in New Delhi. GAIL has been conferred with the Maharatna status on February $1, 2013$ by the Government of India. Currently only seven Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) enjoy this coveted status.
In $2009$, the government established the Maharatna status which raises a company's investment ceiling from $Rs. 1000$ crores to $Rs. 5000$ Crores.
Lists of Maharatnas:
$1.$ Coal India Limited
$2.$ Indian Oil Corporation Limited
$3.$ NTPC Limited
$4.$ Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
$5.$ Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited
$6.$ GAIL (India) Limited
$7.$ Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).

Multiple choice economics environment and sustainable development need for sustainable development environmental economics sustainable development

Petroleum Products are a _______________.

  1. primary energy resource

  2. final energy resource

  3. both (a) and (b)

  4. neither (a) nor (b)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Petroleum products are considered primary energy resources when extracted and used directly, and final energy resources when they are the end product consumed by the user. Therefore, they fall into both categories depending on the context of usage.