Carbon and Fossil Fuels

A hybrid rocket is a rocket with a rocket motor which uses propellants in two different states of matter - one solid and the other either gas or liquid.

Otera's catalyst is an organostannane compound which has been used as a transesterification catalyst. This isothioscyanate compound is a member of a family of organostannanes

Raney nickel is a solid catalyst composed of fine grains of a nickel-aluminium alloy, used in many industrial processes. It is used as an  catalyst for the hydrogenation of vegetable oils in industrial processes.

Cetane is often used as a short-hand for cetane number, a measure of the detonation of diesel fuel. Cetane ignites very easily under compression. For this reason it is assigned a cetane number of 100, and serves as a reference for other fuel mixtures.

n-Heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula H₃C(CH₂)₅CH₃ or C₇H₁₆. When used as a test fuel component in antiknock test engines, a 100% heptane fuel is the zero point of the octane rating scale.

Indene is a flammable polycyclic hydrocarbon. It is composed of a benzene ring fused with a cyclopentene ring. This aromatic liquid is colourless although samples often are pale yellow.

Cellulosic ethanol is a biofuel produced from wood, grasses, or the non-edible parts of plants. It is a type of biofuel produced from lignocellulose, a structural material that comprises much of the mass of plants. 

Biomethanol is an alternate fuel for internal combustion and other engines, either in combination with gasoline or directly (neat). It is used in racing cars and in China.

Indene is a flammable polycyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C₉H₈. It is composed of a benzene ring fused with a cyclopentene ring. This aromatic liquid is colourless although samples often are pale yellow.

A Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) or Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) is a type of vehicle which uses a fuel cell to power its on-board electric motor. Fuel cells in vehicles create electricity to power an electric motor, generally using hydrogen and oxygen from the air.

This option is correct because the silicon base polymer is known as silicones. It provides an alternative to environment harmful hydrocarbons based products. These polymers are used in everyday items such as lubricants and cosmetics.

Liquid foams can be used in fire retardant foam, found use in extinguishing fires, especially oil fires. In some ways, leavened bread is a foam, as the yeast causes the bread to rise by producing tiny bubbles of gas in the dough.

Octane rating or octane number is a standard measure of the anti-knock properties (i.e. the performance) of a motor or aviation fuel. The higher the octane number, the lesser likely is the fuel to ignite prematurely in the engine's cycle and cause the engine damage. In broad terms, fuels with a higher octane rating are more suitable for high-performance engines.

Pentane is an organic compound, with five carbon atoms. Pentane is one of the primary blowing agents used in the production of polystyrene foam. Because of its low boiling point, low cost and relative safety, pentane is used as a working medium in geothermal power stations. It is added into some refrigerant blends as well.

Triptane, or 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C₇H_16. It is therefore an alkane, specifically the most compact and heavily branched of the heptane isomers, the only one with a butane (C4) backbone. Triptane is commonly used as an anti-knock additive in aviation fuels.