Carbon and Fossil Fuels

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is a dense, non-flammable liquid that effectively extinguishes fires by smothering flames and displacing oxygen. It was historically used for electrical and oil fires because it does not conduct electricity and forms a heavy vapor blanket.

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane (CH4), along with varying amounts of higher alkanes and small percentages of other gases.

The process by which one type of petroleum oil is converted into another type is called cracking.

Coal tar is a complex mixture containing hundreds of different organic compounds, primarily aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene, toluene, xylene, and naphthalene. It is produced during the destructive distillation of coal and is definitely not a single compound or element.

The ignition temperature is the lowest temperature at which a combustible substance catches fire in the air. Boiling point refers to phase change to vapor, and oxidation is a chemical reaction type.

Coal was formed from the trees (fossils) that got buried under the layers of the earth during natural calamities like earthquake etc. Under geothermal conditions of high temperature and pressure, wood is converted into coal. 

A candle flame has three distinct zones: (1) Inner dark zone - incomplete combustion due to insufficient oxygen, (2) Middle luminous zone - moderate combustion with yellow glow, and (3) Outer non-luminous zone - complete combustion with blue flame. This three-zone structure is characteristic of hydrocarbon flames.

Layers of sand, gravel and charcoal are present in the filtration chamber.

Saturated hydrocarbons generally give a clean blue flame because complete combustion of these substances takes place.

 Petrol, diesel, coal and kerosene emit nitrogen dioxide during combustion.

Haematite, also spelled as hematite, is the mineral form of iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃).

Peat, bituminous, and lignite are all types of coal - sedimentary rocks formed from compressed plant matter. Graphite, however, is a mineral (a form of carbon) formed through metamorphic processes, not from the coal formation pathway. It has a completely different origin and crystal structure.

 The present day search for fuels alternative to petroleum is mainly due to increase in the consumption of petroleum.

Correct Answer: It is a good absorbent.

Sublimation is the transition of a substance from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.