Carbohydrates and Biomolecules

Gymnemic acids are glycosides isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae). Gymnemic acids like ziziphin and hodulcine are anti-sweetener compounds.

 Carbohydrates, the most abundant biomolecules on Earth, are produced by some bacteria, algae and green plant cells.

This is the correct answer. Water soluble dietary fiber includes pectins, gums and mucilage, fructans, inulin, etc., which are found mainly in plant cells. Water insoluble dietary fibre includes- cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, chitin, xanthan, etc., which make up the structural parts of plant cell walls.

This is the correct option as both the statements are correct. Mucilage is one of the examples of soluble dietary fibers. Soluble fiber dissolves in water to form a gel-like material. It can help lower blood cholesterol and glucose levels. Nigerose is composed of two glucose monomer units.

This is the correct option. Turanose is a reducing disaccharide and consists of a glucose monomer unit and a fructose monomer unit.

This is the correct option. Lyxose is an aldopentose monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms and including an aldehyde functional group. It has chemical formula C₅H₁₀O₅. It is a C-2 carbon epimer of the sugar Xylose. Lyxose occurs only rarely in nature, for example, as a component of bacterial glycolipids.

This is the correct answer. Monosaccharides are the major source of fuel for metabolism, being used both as an energy source (glucose being the most important in nature) and in biosynthesis. When monosaccharides are not immediately needed by many cells they are often converted to more space-efficient forms, often polysaccharides. In many animals, including humans, this storage form is glycogen, especially in liver and muscle cells.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar unit like glucose or fructose. Disaccharides contain two sugar units, while polysaccharides are complex chains of many units. 'Saccharides' is merely a general term for sugars, not a specific carbohydrate type.

Lactose is the specific sugar found in milk, making it the 'milk sugar'. It is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose. Maltose is malt sugar, sucrose is table sugar, and glucose is a simple sugar found in many foods but not specifically called 'milk sugar'.

Glucose is a monosaccharide sugar, while the rest of the options are disachharide sugars. 

Glycogen storage disease type I or von Gierke's disease is the most common of the glycogen storage diseases. This genetic disease results from deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase.

Fungi, like animals, store their food reserves as glycogen. Plants store starch, while proteins and fats are not primary storage molecules in fungi. This is one of the characteristics that distinguishes fungi from plants.

 The answer is Cellulose.

Alginic acid, also called algin or alginate, is an anionic polysaccharide distributed widely in the cell walls of brown algae, where through binding with water it forms a viscous gum.

The carbohydrates, i.e. the glucose formed during photosynthesis in plants is converted to starch as an energy reserve.