Botany and Plant Science

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When a flower can be divided into two equal radial halves in any radial plane passing through the centre, it is said to be actinomorphic (radial symmetry), e.g. mustard, datura, chilli.

The first part of a plant to grow is the root like a straw, transports water through plant raises the height of flowers and leaves and brings closer to light. Leaves and flowers also grow.

An oblong leaf has parallel sides. The leaf has a rectangular shape with rounded corners. An example of this kind of leaf is willow.

In vascular plants, the root is the organ of a plant that typically lies below the surface of the soil. This is not always the case, however, since a root can also be aerial (growing above the ground) or aerating (growing up above the ground or especially above water). It produces endogenous branches.

Isobilateral leaves, which are flat leaves without an upper or lower surface. Ordinary (dorsiventral) plant leaves have an upper, harder surface which faces the sun, and a lower shade-surface where most of the carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange takes place. Isobilateral leaves exchange carbon and water equally through both surfaces, but at a lower rate than dorsiventral leaves.

The roots of the tree absorb both water and mineral nutrients for use in the rest of the tree. The root hairs which are found in most tree species are especially important in the absorption of these products by the roots.

Stems that run horizontally below the ground surface are termed rhizomes.For example,Rhizomes of Johnson grass, a weedy species commonly found in various areas.

These are the regions of parenchyma tissue separating the individual vascular bundles of the dicot stem.

The pericycle is made up of sclerenchyma cells which are lignified, dead fibre cells . These cells have thick, woody walls and tapering ends. Functions of the Pericycle: It strengthens the stem. It provides protection for the vascular bundles.