Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice

In the rachis of Cycas, the exarch bundles are

  1. more of the centrifugal xylem

  2. more of the centripetal xylem

  3. equal amount of centrifugal and centripetal xylem

  4. variable
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In Cycas and other cycads, the exarch vascular bundles in the rachis contain predominantly centripetal xylem, which develops inward toward the center of the stem. This is characteristic of these ancient gymnosperms, where the xylem matures from the outside inward (exarch) but the majority of the tissue develops centripetally. Centrifugal xylem development is more common in other plant groups.

Multiple choice

In which of the following plant cells or tissues chlorophyll is absent?

  1. Tracheids

  2. Medulla

  3. Pith

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Chlorophyll is only present in photosynthetic tissues that receive light. Tracheids are dead xylem cells that transport water and minerals. Medulla (pith) and pith are ground tissues for storage and structural support, located in the center of stems where light cannot reach. None of these cell types perform photosynthesis, so they all lack chlorophyll entirely.

Multiple choice

Which of the following structures is produced by haploid spores in plants showing alternation of generations?

  1. Sporophyte

  2. Gametophyte

  3. Oospore

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In alternation of generations, haploid spores germinate to produce the gametophyte (haploid multicellular phase), which then produces gametes. The gametes fuse to form the zygote, which develops into the sporophyte (diploid multicellular phase). The sporophyte then produces haploid spores through meiosis, continuing the cycle. Haploid spores cannot directly produce a sporophyte - they must first produce the gametophyte.

Multiple choice

Which is the National Flower of India?

  1. Lotus

  2. Rose

  3. Lilly

  4. Marigold
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Lotus is the National Flower of India, officially adopted in 1950. It symbolizes purity, beauty, and spiritual awakening in Indian culture. The flower grows in muddy waters yet remains pristine, making it a powerful symbol in Hinduism and Buddhism.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a type of meristematic tissue?

  1. Apical

  2. Parenchyma

  3. Lateral

  4. Intercalary

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option as parenchyma is not a meristematic tissue. It is a permanent tissue. Permanent tissues are those tissues that are composed of cells which are structurally and functionally similar.

Multiple choice

Which of the following have an isodiametric shape?

  1. Collenchyma

  2. Sclerenchyma

  3. Parenchyma

  4. Apical meristematic

  5. Intercalary meristematic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option. Parenchyma cells are isodiametric. They are equally expanded on all sides.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. Vessels in xylem are made of a row of cells. b. In vessels, the end (transverse) walls get dissolved and become perforated. c. The walls of tracheids are thinner with a wider lumen.

  1. Only a

  2. Only a and b

  3. Only b

  4. Only c

  5. Only b and c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option as this statement is false. The walls of tracheids are very thick with a narrow lumen, not thinner with a wider lumen. This is a wrong option as statement 'b' is true, but statement 'c' is false.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a function of parenchyma?

  1. Parenchyma acts as a primary support to the stem of herbaceous plants.

  2. Parenchyma stores and assimilates food.

  3. Transport of material occurs through cell walls of parenchyma cells.

  4. It is a mechanical tissue in young dicotyledonous stems and provide mechanical support and elasticity.

  5. The intercellular air spaces of parenchyma cells allow gaseous exchange.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option as this is not a function of parenchyma.

Multiple choice

Match the following:

a. Apical meristems 1. These are located at the base of leaves and internodes.
b. Lateral meristems 2. These are found beneath the bark and in vascular bundles of dicot roots and stems.
c. Intercalary meristems 3. These are situated at the growing tip of stems and roots.

  1. a - 3, b - 1, c - 2

  2. a - 3, b - 2, c - 1

  3. a - 2, b - 3, c - 1

  4. a - 1, b - 3, c - 2

  5. a - 1, b - 2, c - 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Apical meristems - These are situated at the growing tip of stems and roots. Lateral meristems - These are found beneath the bark and in vascular bundles of dicot roots and stems. Intercalary meristems - These are located at the base of leaves and internodes.