Botany and Plant Science

Zygomorphic flower is represented as (%).

When a flower cannot be divided into two equal halves along any plane, it is known as symmetrical flower. For example, canna.

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is India's national flower, officially adopted in 1950. It symbolizes purity, spirituality, and cultural heritage, often depicted in Indian art and religion.

In Cycas and other cycads, the exarch vascular bundles in the rachis contain predominantly centripetal xylem, which develops inward toward the center of the stem. This is characteristic of these ancient gymnosperms, where the xylem matures from the outside inward (exarch) but the majority of the tissue develops centripetally. Centrifugal xylem development is more common in other plant groups.

Chlorophyll is only present in photosynthetic tissues that receive light. Tracheids are dead xylem cells that transport water and minerals. Medulla (pith) and pith are ground tissues for storage and structural support, located in the center of stems where light cannot reach. None of these cell types perform photosynthesis, so they all lack chlorophyll entirely.

In alternation of generations, haploid spores germinate to produce the gametophyte (haploid multicellular phase), which then produces gametes. The gametes fuse to form the zygote, which develops into the sporophyte (diploid multicellular phase). The sporophyte then produces haploid spores through meiosis, continuing the cycle. Haploid spores cannot directly produce a sporophyte - they must first produce the gametophyte.

Triticum aestivum is hexaploid.

Lotus is the National Flower of India, officially adopted in 1950. It symbolizes purity, beauty, and spiritual awakening in Indian culture. The flower grows in muddy waters yet remains pristine, making it a powerful symbol in Hinduism and Buddhism.

This is the correct option as parenchyma is not a meristematic tissue. It is a permanent tissue. Permanent tissues are those tissues that are composed of cells which are structurally and functionally similar.

This is the correct option. Parenchymatous tissue is found in the soft parts of a plant such as the cortex of roots.

This is the correct option. Parenchyma cells are isodiametric. They are equally expanded on all sides.

This is the correct option. The main function of epidermis is to protect the plant from desiccation and infection.

This is the correct option. Phloem is also known as a 'vascular tissue'.

This is the correct option as this statement is false. Sclereids provide stiffness and not mechanical strength to the plant.

This is the correct option as this statement is false. The walls of tracheids are very thick with a narrow lumen, not thinner with a wider lumen. This is a wrong option as statement 'b' is true, but statement 'c' is false.