Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Ovules are not found enclosed within ovary in

  1. gymnosperms

  2. spermatophytes

  3. dicotyledons

  4. monocotyledons
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gymnosperms are seed-bearing vascular plants like cycads, conifers, yews and ginkgo in which the ovules are not enclosed in an ovary. So, the ovules are called naked. 

Hence, the correct answer is 'gymnosperms'.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Which one of the following characteristics can be used to distinguish gymnosperms from angiosperms?

  1. Presence of pollen chamber in gymnosperms

  2. Presence of naked ovules in gymnosperms

  3. Presence of stomata in angiosperms

  4. Absence of naked ovules in gymnosperms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Gymnosperms are the plants in which the ovules are not covered by an ovary, and the plant does not bear flowers. The seeds are naked.

So, the correct option is 'Presence of naked ovules in gymnosperms'

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Which of the following is correct?

  1. ln Pinus pollen grain are developed inside the megasporangia

  2. Coralloid roots are associated with Frankia

  3. Male and female cones are borne on the same tree in Pinus

  4. In Cycas the pinnate leaves persist for upto only few days
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A cone is a structure present on conifers that contain the reproductive organs. The male and female cones are borne on the same tree in Pinus.

So, the correct answer is 'Male and female cones are borne on the same tree in pinus'.
Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

A female gymnospermic plant has the genotype TT which pollinates another gymnosperms with the genotype tt. As a result of fertilization what will be the genotype of embryo and endosperm respectively?

  1. Tt, T

  2. Tt, TTt

  3. tt, Tt

  4. TTt, Tt
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • The endosperm is the storage tissue in the seeds of gymnosperms.
  • The genotype obtained in the $F _1$ generation will be Tt, when a homozygous gymnospermic plant (TT) is crossed with another (tt).
  • Thus, the embryo being diploid in nature will have the genotype Tt.
  • Whereas, the genotype of the endosperm will be TTt because it is triploid in nature. 
Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Sieve cells can be traced in

  1. Dicots and monocots

  2. Monocots

  3. Gymnosperms and pteridophytes

  4. Bryophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Sieve cells can be traced in gymnosperms and pteridophytes. Sieve cells are typically associated with gymnosperms because angiosperms have the more derived sieve tube members and companion cells in their phloem. They have a narrower diameter and are more elongated compared to sieve tube members. Sieve cells are associated with albuminous cells, which lack starch thus, making it possible to differentiate them from phloem parenchyma.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

The resin duct of Gymnosperm is an example of

  1. Intracellular space

  2. Schizogenous cavity

  3. Lysigenous cavity

  4. Vacuole containing stored material
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The resin duct in Gymnosperms are formed by separation of cells to form a cavity. The cells surrounding this cavity secrete resin into the cavity. Resin is aromatic and prevents infection. 

So, the correct answer is 'Schizogenous cavity'

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Ovules are naked in gymnosperm, because

  1. Fertilisation is absent

  2. True carpels are absent

  3. Archegonia are absent

  4. Endosperm is absent
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The gymnosperms do not have petals or flowers, but they do produce seeds. The name 'Gymnosperm' means, 'naked seeds' and refers to the fact that the gymnosperms bears their seeds on the margins of modified leaves or cones. 

There are no sealed carpels, like those the define angiosperms. Although gymnosperms do have ovules, they do not have ovaries, pistils or stamens. Since the term 'fruit' refers to the mature ovary, gymnosperms do not in botanical usage have 'fruit' and the reproductive stages are referred to as cones.  

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Gymnosperm plants do not produce fruits because they do not have

  1. Ovary

  2. Gametes

  3. Fertilization

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In Gymnosperms the fertilized ovule does not develop into a fruit as it would in an angiosperm. Because gymnosperms have no ovary, they can never produce fruit. Seeds develop from the ovules that are found in the developed ovaries or fruit, but in the case of gymnosperms, the ovules are located directly on the surface of the flower or cone. Yews and ginkgoes develop fruit like structures, but their seed is not inside these organs, which makes them Gymnosperms.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Gymnosperm plants lack

  1. Vessels

  2. Fruits

  3. Companion cells

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gymnosperms are seed bearing non flowering plants. Since gymnosperms have no ovaries, they do not produce real fruits, at least not in the botanical sense. Because no fruit tissue surrounds gymnosperm seeds, the seeds are said to be "naked." 
In Gymnosperms vascular tissues are arranged into vascular bundles just like Angiosperms. However, xylem does not possess vessels and phloem is without companion cells, like pteridophytes.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Bitegmic ovules occur in which of the following gymnosperm plant?

  1. Ginkgo

  2. Taxus

  3. Gnetum

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Megasporangium or ovule is borne on adaxial or upper surface of megasporophyll or ovuliferous scale and are generally orthotropous and unitegmic in gymnosperms but are bitegmic in the Gnetales.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

The gymnosperm resembles with angiosperm in having

  1. Ciliated sperms

  2. Presence of ovary

  3. Presence of seed

  4. Presence of fruit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Gymnosperms and angiosperms are the phenerogames or spermatophytes. 

Phenerogams are the seed bearing plants. Gymnosperms are distinguished from angiosperms by having naked ovules and seeds. The ovules are not enclosed in an ovary and the seeds are not enclosed in a pericarp. 
In angiosperms or flowering plants, the seeds are enclosed in a fruit, and are known as "covered seeds".

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Endosperm in gymnosperms is

  1. Haploid and developed after fertilization

  2. Haploid and developed before fertilization

  3. Triploid and developed before fertilization

  4. Triploid and developed after fertilization
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Gymnosperms are the most primitive of the seed plants. A seed comprises two parts: an endosperm, which nourishes the embryo, and the embryo itself, which is fed by the endosperm.

In gymnosperms the endosperm grows from a spore (a cell with half the number of chromosomes n). Pollination may occur when the cone is small, but the endosperm continues to grow to completion before fertilisation occurs.