Botany and Plant Science

Carpel is present in the centre of a flower.

Cuscuta, commonly known as dodder, is a parasitic plant that lacks chlorophyll and cannot perform photosynthesis. It derives all its nutrients from the host plant's stem, making it a complete stem parasite.

 Plant tissues can be grouped into two basic types: meristematic and permanent tissues.

The epidermis cells is a single-layer of cells that covers the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of plants.

Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants. The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem.

Depending on their position in the plant, meristems are divided into apical, lateral and intercalary.

Lignin is a hard substance with great tensile and compressional strength deposited in the cell walls of sclerenchyma.

Primary growth in plants refers to the increase in length or height, which is driven by the activity of apical meristems located at the tips of roots and shoots.

As roots and stems grow older with time, tissues at the periphery become cork cells. Cork cells are dead, have no intercellular spaces and the cell walls are heavily thickened by the deposition of suberin. They prevents loss of water.

Tertiary cell wall provides mechanical support to gymnosperms.

Primary cell wall develops in young plant cells and is capable of growing.

Middle lamella is composed of Ca, Mg pectate, lignin and proteins.

Middle lamella is a common layer of cell wall between two adjacent cells.

 Dodder is a stem holoparasite which means that it is completely dependent on its host.

 Hydnora is a root holoparasite which means that it is completely dependent on its host.