Astronomy and Celestial Phenomena

Objects which do not emit light on their own are called  $ \bf{non-luminous} $ objects.
Objects that give out or emit light of their own are called as $ \bf{luminous\ objects} $.

Moon is a non-luminous object because it does not emits it's own light and glows by reflecting the light of the sun.
Sun, Bulb and candle give out or emit their own light and hence, are luminous objects.

Hence, the correct answer is OPTION B.

Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the North Pole experiences the 'midnight sun' during the northern summer, meaning the sun remains above the horizon from the spring equinox to the autumn equinox.

The myth of balancing an egg on its end during the spring equinox is a popular cultural belief. While it is possible to balance an egg on its end at any time of year with patience, it is specifically associated with this date in folklore.

The equinox that occurs in the spring is known as the Vernal Equinox. The term vernal comes from the Latin word for spring.

The word equinox is derived from Latin words meaning equal night. On these days, the sun crosses the celestial equator, resulting in approximately equal lengths of day and night globally.

Because the seasons are reversed in the southern hemisphere, spring begins when the northern hemisphere experiences autumn. This occurs in September.

Mean solar day is the time interval between two successive noon when sun passes through zenith point (meridian).

Jupiter revolves or orbits around the Sun once every 11.86 Earth years, or once every 4,330.6 Earth days. Jupiter travels at an average speed of 29,236 miles per hour or 47,051 km per hour in its orbit around the Sun.
Hence, the planet Jupiter takes 12 years to go around the Sun.

Day and night are caused by  rotation of earth.

From summer solstice (June 21), the Sun starts moving towards the South and from winter solstice (December 22), the Sun starts moving towards North. So during summer solstice, it is in the south eastern part and in winter solstice it is in the north eastern part. However, there are 2 days, i.e., March 21 and September 23, when the Sun rises exactly in the East.

Just like moon, Venus too rotates from East to West. Thus, only that part of Venus is visible to us which reflects the light from the Sun towards us. Hence, the Venus appears to show phases because the Earth and Venus rotate in opposite direction.

The plane in which Earth revolves around the Sun is the orbital plane or ecliptic. 

As earth is rotating on its own axis so its half part is exposed to sun cause day at that part and hidden half part suffers from darkness called night.