Ancient and World History

Spartans are the correct answer. They were famous warriors trained from birth, depicted in the movie '300'. The phrase 'With it or on it' refers to their shield - meaning return with it or die on it. They were indeed very religious and missed the Battle of Marathon due to a religious festival. The misspellings ('reknown' instead of renowned, 'relegious' instead of religious, 'Corithians' instead of Corinthians) don't affect the answer.

The Great Pyramid of Giza was built as a tomb for Pharaoh Khufu (also known as Cheops in Greek), the second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, around 2560 BC. The other options include variations of Khufu's name (Khnum-Khufu) and other royal titles (Medjedu, Merityotes).

The Ishtar Gate was constructed in 575 BC by order of King Nebuchadnezzar II, not Nebuchadnezzar I who ruled much earlier (12th century BC). Nebuchadnezzar II was the Neo-Babylonian emperor famous for his building projects, including the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

The ancient Babylonians are credited with developing the 24-hour day system. They used a base-60 number system which influenced timekeeping. This is a historical fact about the origins of our time system.

The Immortals were the elite 10,000-strong Persian infantry force who served as King Darius's personal bodyguards. They fought in major battles including Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis. They were called Immortals because their strength was always maintained at 10,000 - whenever a member died or was wounded, he was immediately replaced.

This famous Latin phrase 'Veni, Vidi, Vici' was said by Julius Caesar in 47 BC after his swift victory at the Battle of Zela. He wrote it in a letter to the Roman Senate, boasting about his rapid military success against Pharnaces II of Pontus. Augustus was his adopted son, Constantinople was the later Eastern capital, and Cleopatra was his ally and lover.

Archaeological excavations at Harappa have uncovered evidence of wooden coffin burials, showing that the Indus Valley people used wooden coffins for burial. This finding demonstrates their advanced woodworking capabilities and funerary practices. The other major sites like Mohenjodaro and Lothal have not yielded similar evidence of wooden coffin burials.

Babylon was the first ancient civilization known to have celebrated New Year's festivities around 2000 BCE. Their celebration was called Akitu and lasted 11 days, marking the beginning of the agricultural year in spring during the vernal equinox.

In Homer's epics, Greeks are frequently referred to as Achaeans, along with other names like Danaans and Argives. Achaens was one of the primary collective names for the Greek tribes who participated in the Trojan War.

Cleopatra VII Philopator was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. After her death, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire, ending the Hellenistic period.

Nefertiti was the Great Royal Wife (chief consort) of Pharaoh Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV). She played a significant role in the religious revolution to Aten worship and was one of the most powerful women in ancient Egypt.

The Great Sphinx of Giza is believed to have been built during the reign of Pharaoh Khafre (c. 2558-2532 BCE) of the Fourth Dynasty. The Sphinx's face is thought to represent Khafre himself.

The Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300-1300 BCE) is the earliest known civilization of India. It flourished in the Indus River basin in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. The other options are not ancient civilizations but rather river valley regions.