Ancient and Medieval Indian Rulers

Rajendra I was the successor of Rajaraja I. He made his naval bigger and stronger. His naval expeditions to South-East -Asia was the first to be undertaken by an Indian king.  After defeated Palas of Bengal, he conquered the islands of Andaman and Nicobar. He completed the conquest of Sri Lanka that his father had started. He conquered Maldives, Malaya, Myanmar, Sumatra, and Java.

Rajendra I raided the Ganga Valley and defeated Mahipal the Pala king of Bengal. To commemorate his victory, he founded a city and named it Gangaikonda Cholapuram. The meaning of this name was the town of the Chola who took over Ganga. He himself got the title of Gangaiknodachola which means conqueror of Ganga. He conquered different countries of South-East-Asia.

The Chola dynasty was founded by Vijayala. The capital of Cholas was Tanjor now Thanjavur. Rajaraja- I was the greatest ruler of Chola dynasty. He defeated Cheras at Thiruvananthapuram to control the trade with Arabs. He defeated Pandyas of Madurai and controlled the Malabar Coast and Cholamandalam coast.  He defeated Chalukyas in Deccan. He built the temple of Brihadeshwara in Thanjavur in Tamilnadu which is considered one of the finest specimens of the Dravidian style of architecture.

During the pre-Gandhi freedom struggle, among Rani Chennamma, Keladi Chennamma, stands Rani Abbakkadevi. She belonged to Chowta dynasty that ruled Ullala. Her uncle Thirumalaraya trained her in warfare and brought to power as the queen of Ullala.

Usually a samanta or, in later times,a zamindar built a fortified palace in or near small towns. They levied taxes on traders, artisans and articles of trade and sometimes "donated" the "right" to collect these taxes to local temples, which had been built by themselves or by rich merchants.

The Konark Sun Temple was constructed by King Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty in the 13th century. Note that the option lists Narasimha Deva II, which is a common historical error in test banks, but it is the intended answer.

The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and West. It was central to cultural interaction between the regions for many centuries.The Silk Road refers to both the terrestrial and the maritime routes connecting Asia with the Middle East and southern Europe.The Silk Road derives its name from the lucrative trade in silk carried out along its length, beginning in the Han dynasty (207 BCE220 CE).Trade on the Road played a significant role in the development of the civilizations of China, Korea, Japan,  the Indian subcontinent, Iran/Persia, Europe, the Horn of Africa and Arabia, opening long-distance political and economic relations between the civilizations.

Alexander's conquest of Iran brought the Greeks to North-western India. Alexander's invasion opened up trade routes and enabled Indian traders to trade on the Silk Route. 

Venkoji (Ekoji I) established the Maratha rule in Thanjavur in 1676 after capturing the region.

Shaji II was the son of Venkoji and succeeded him as the ruler of the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom.

Serfoji I succeeded Shaji II as the ruler of the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom.

Shivaji II was the successor to Serfoji II in the Maratha kingdom of Thanjavur. The other options listed were earlier rulers or unrelated figures.

Tuljaji ascended the throne of Thanjavur in 1763 following the death of his father, Pratap Singh. Serfoji II ruled much later.

Serfoji II is widely credited with the establishment and expansion of the Saraswathy Mahal Library in Thanjavur, reflecting his scholarly interests.

Fateh Hyder was the eldest son of Tipu Sultan. Following the fall of Seringapatam, the British authorities dealt with the family members, and Fateh Hyder was a prominent figure among them.

The Tang dynasty.