Ancient and Medieval Indian Rulers

Xuanzang (Hieun Tsang) was a Chinese Buddhist monk who traveled to India during the 7th century, specifically during the reign of Emperor Harshavardhana.

In the Vedic period, Bali was a voluntary offering or tax given by the people to the king. It later evolved into a mandatory tax.

Ashoka's empire covered a vast portion of the Indian subcontinent, but it did not extend as far south as Madras (modern-day Chennai).

Mahavira was born into the royal family of King Siddartha of Kundagram and Queen Trishala.

Historical records, including the Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman, mention that Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka were involved in water management (specifically the Sudarshana Lake) in the Girnar region. Rudradaman himself later repaired the dam.

The Rummindei Pillar Inscription of Ashoka (a Maurya ruler) explicitly states that the Buddha was born at Lumbini, which is confirmed by the emperor's visit to the site.

King Kharavela of the Chedi dynasty of Kalinga was a great patron of Jainism, as evidenced by the Hathigumpha inscription.

The Vijayanagara Empire was founded in 1336 by Harihara I and Bukka Raya I, who belonged to the Sangama dynasty. This was the first of the four dynasties that ruled the empire.

Sambhaji was the eldest son of Shivaji and succeeded him as the second Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire in 1680.

The Vijayanagar Empire, particularly under rulers like Krishnadevaraya, was a great patron of literature and languages, including Tamil, Telugu, and Sanskrit.

Pushyamitra Sunga was the commander-in-chief of the Maurya army who assassinated the last Mauryan king, Brihadratha, to establish the Sunga dynasty. The other options are either Mauryan rulers or unrelated figures.

Correct Answer: Vaishali

In the epic Silappadikaram, the Pandya King Nedunjeliyan is the one who wrongly orders the execution of Kovalan.

In the administrative hierarchy of the Sangam Age, the 'Ur' was the smallest unit, representing a village or settlement. Larger divisions included the Nadu, Kottam, and Mandalam.