Ancient and Medieval Indian Rulers

Correct Answer: Cholas

Ahilyabai Holkar (also known as Ahilyadevi) was the Holkar dynasty ruler of the Malwa kingdom, with her capital at Maheshwar. She was renowned for her just administration, temple construction, and welfare activities during the late 18th century.

 Option (3) is correct.

According to Buddhist scriptures, King Bimbisara met Buddha for the first time prior to Buddha's enlightenment and later became an important disciple that featured prominently in certain Buddhist suttas. King Bimbisara is referred to as King Shrenika of Rajgir in Jain literature, who became a devotee of Jainism impressed by the calmness of Yamadhar (a Jain Muni). He frequently visited Samavasarana of Lord Mahavira seeking answers to his queries.

Correct Answer: Kanishka

Correct Answer: Menander  Menander I Soter (also known as Milinda) was an Indo-Greek King of the Indo-Greek Kingdom (165 – 130 BC) who established a large empire in Northwestern regions of South Asia and became a patron of Buddhism. 

When Vasco da Gama arrived at Calicut in 1498, the Vijayanagara Empire was ruled by Immadi Narasimha, also known in some records as Naresh Nayak. The Vijayanagara Empire was at the height of its power under the Saluva and Tuluva dynasties during this period, controlling much of southern India. The empire maintained complex trade relations with Portuguese newcomers.

Correct answer is (3). 

The Peshwa was relegated to secondary position after death of Peshwa Madhavrao I. He became the ceremonial king.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, founder of the Maratha Empire, was known as 'Haindava Dharmodharak' (Protector of Hindu Dharma). He established Hindavi Swaraj (self-rule for Hindus) and championed Hindu causes against Mughal rule. Shahu was a later ruler, Shambhaji was Shivaji's son, and Nana Saheb was a Peshwa - none primarily associated with this specific title.

Peshwa Baji Rao I (1720-1740) expanded Maratha power significantly, bringing Gujarat and Malwa under Maratha control through military campaigns. His reign marked the peak of Maratha expansion in North India before the disaster at Panipat. Shivaji founded the empire but didn't reach these regions. Balaji Vishwanath focused on securing recognition from the Mughals. Balaji Baji Rao (Nanasaheb) ruled later.

The Bhonsle clan ruled the Nagpur confederacy of the Maratha Empire. Raghuji Bhonsle established Nagpur as a major Maratha center in eastern India. Gwalior was ruled by Scindias. Baroda (Vadodara) was ruled by Gaekwads. Pune was the seat of the Peshwas themselves, not a confederacy.

Balaji Baji Rao (Nanasaheb) witnessed the zenith of Maratha power during his reign from 1740-1761. Under his leadership, the Maratha Empire reached its greatest territorial extent, extending from Punjab in the north to Tamil Nadu in the south. This period included the famous Battle of Panipat in 1761, which marked the turning point and decline.

The kings of several regions, in later Vedic kingdoms, gave themselves various titles. While the kings of middle country were called raja, the eastern kings were titled Samrat, the southern Bhoj, those in the west Svarat, and the rulers of the northern realms were called Virat.

performed Rajasuya and Asvamedha Yajnas to show the extent of their powers. The Rajsuya Yajna was performed at the time of the coronation of the king. It conferred supreme power on him.