Ancient and Medieval Indian Rulers

Bappa Rawal is the most famous ruler of the Guhil dynasty of Mewar, which later became the Sisodia dynasty.

The Mauryan Empire (founded c. 322 BCE) predates the Kushan, Gupta, and Kanva dynasties, making it the oldest among the options provided.

Pulakesin II was a famous king of the Chalukya dynasty of Badami. The other pairings are historically inaccurate.

The Iron Pillar in Delhi is widely attributed to Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) of the Gupta dynasty.

The core of the kingdom was the area of Bihar south of the Ganges; its first capital was Rajagriha, then Pataliputra. Rajagriha was initially known as 'Girivrijja' and later came to be known as so during the reign of Ajatashatru.

Udayin was the Indian ruler of Haryanka dynasty who ruled over Magadha from 460 BCE to 440 BCE. He was the son of Ajatashatru and grandson of king Bimbisara. King Udayin laid the foundation of the city of Pataliputra at the confluence of two rivers, the Son and the Ganges. He shifted his capital from Rajgriha to Patliputra because of the latter's central location in Magadha empire. 

Nanda Dynasty ruled India at the time when Alexander,the Great was trying to fight with the rulers in the north west part of India.To be specific ,the ruler was Dhannand,the last ruler of this dynasty .

Nanda dynasties was ruling over North India at the time of Alexanders invasion. The Nanda dynasty immediately preseded the dynasty of the Mauryas.

Nanda Dynasty ruled India at the time when Alexander, the Great was trying to fight with the rulers in the north west part of India. To be specific ,the ruler was Dhannanda, the last ruler of this dynasty .

Licchavi was an ancient kingdom in Nepal, which existed in the Kathmandu Valley from approximately 400 to 750 CE. The Licchavi clan originated from Vaishali in modern northern Bihar and conquered Kathmandu.

Some janapadas which gradually became stronger and expanded their geographical boundaries were known as mahajanapadas. From the literature of that period, it is clear that up to the sixth century BCE, sixteen mahajanapadas had acquired special importance.

Mahapadma Nanda is historically recognized as the founder of the Nanda dynasty, which succeeded the Shishunaga dynasty. He is often described as a powerful ruler who expanded the Magadhan empire.

While several states like Kashi and Kosala were powerful initially, Magadha gradually emerged as the most dominant and powerful city-state due to its strategic location, iron resources, and strong leadership.

Alexander the Great invaded northwestern India in 326 BC. At that time, the Nanda dynasty, under the rule of Dhana Nanda, was the dominant power in the Magadha region.

Historical accounts suggest that the Nanda rulers were unpopular due to their heavy taxation and oppressive policies, which alienated the common people and provided a justification for their overthrow.