General English (NABARD Assistant Manager - 2)

Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case and fill in the blank (iv).

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Depending upon how humanity chooses to use it, technology can enhance or ____(i) any aspect of life. The realm of interpersonal communication generally feels this impact first. Many times throughout history, humanity has changed its modes of communication as society itself has ____(ii). As people began to spread out geographically, verbal communication turned to writing to make it more ____(iii). Then, people invented ways of carrying both conversation and written communication between their communities to keep in ____(iv) with one another as travel became simpler. With the advent of the telephone, people began to wonder if picking up the receiver to call one another would eventually ___(v) out other forms of communication. So far, as families and friends have moved away from one another, the telephone, even its cellular form, has allowed humanity to ___(vi) the necessary links among its members. Naturally, now that computers, instant and text messaging, and other forms of communication have found their way into the world, people not familiar with these technologies wonder what they will do to the human race. Etiquette experts and those raised on writing formal letters often ___(vii) that e-mail and text message lingo will replace the language of pen and paper. This will not _____(viii) and both methods of communication can survive to enhance humans enjoyment of one another's company,  if the next generation learns how to ____(ix) both. Each form of communication can survive with its own rules as people learn which situations in life ___(x) for which level of formality and which of the people they spend time with can connect better with which type of language.

Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case and fill in the blank (ii).

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Depending upon how humanity chooses to use it, technology can enhance or ____(i) any aspect of life. The realm of interpersonal communication generally feels this impact first. Many times throughout history, humanity has changed its modes of communication as society itself has ____(ii). As people began to spread out geographically, verbal communication turned to writing to make it more ____(iii). Then, people invented ways of carrying both conversation and written communication between their communities to keep in ____(iv) with one another as travel became simpler. With the advent of the telephone, people began to wonder if picking up the receiver to call one another would eventually ___(v) out other forms of communication. So far, as families and friends have moved away from one another, the telephone, even its cellular form, has allowed humanity to ___(vi) the necessary links among its members. Naturally, now that computers, instant and text messaging, and other forms of communication have found their way into the world, people not familiar with these technologies wonder what they will do to the human race. Etiquette experts and those raised on writing formal letters often ___(vii) that e-mail and text message lingo will replace the language of pen and paper. This will not _____(viii) and both methods of communication can survive to enhance humans enjoyment of one another's company,  if the next generation learns how to ____(ix) both. Each form of communication can survive with its own rules as people learn which situations in life ___(x) for which level of formality and which of the people they spend time with can connect better with which type of language.

Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case and fill in the blank (vii).

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Depending upon how humanity chooses to use it, technology can enhance or ____(i) any aspect of life. The realm of interpersonal communication generally feels this impact first. Many times throughout history, humanity has changed its modes of communication as society itself has ____(ii). As people began to spread out geographically, verbal communication turned to writing to make it more ____(iii). Then, people invented ways of carrying both conversation and written communication between their communities to keep in ____(iv) with one another as travel became simpler. With the advent of the telephone, people began to wonder if picking up the receiver to call one another would eventually ___(v) out other forms of communication. So far, as families and friends have moved away from one another, the telephone, even its cellular form, has allowed humanity to ___(vi) the necessary links among its members. Naturally, now that computers, instant and text messaging, and other forms of communication have found their way into the world, people not familiar with these technologies wonder what they will do to the human race. Etiquette experts and those raised on writing formal letters often ___(vii) that e-mail and text message lingo will replace the language of pen and paper. This will not _____(viii) and both methods of communication can survive to enhance humans enjoyment of one another's company,  if the next generation learns how to ____(ix) both. Each form of communication can survive with its own rules as people learn which situations in life ___(x) for which level of formality and which of the people they spend time with can connect better with which type of language.

Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case and fill in the blank (v).

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Depending upon how humanity chooses to use it, technology can enhance or ____(i) any aspect of life. The realm of interpersonal communication generally feels this impact first. Many times throughout history, humanity has changed its modes of communication as society itself has ____(ii). As people began to spread out geographically, verbal communication turned to writing to make it more ____(iii). Then, people invented ways of carrying both conversation and written communication between their communities to keep in ____(iv) with one another as travel became simpler. With the advent of the telephone, people began to wonder if picking up the receiver to call one another would eventually ___(v) out other forms of communication. So far, as families and friends have moved away from one another, the telephone, even its cellular form, has allowed humanity to ___(vi) the necessary links among its members. Naturally, now that computers, instant and text messaging, and other forms of communication have found their way into the world, people not familiar with these technologies wonder what they will do to the human race. Etiquette experts and those raised on writing formal letters often ___(vii) that e-mail and text message lingo will replace the language of pen and paper. This will not _____(viii) and both methods of communication can survive to enhance humans enjoyment of one another's company,  if the next generation learns how to ____(ix) both. Each form of communication can survive with its own rules as people learn which situations in life ___(x) for which level of formality and which of the people they spend time with can connect better with which type of language.

Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case and fill in the blank (i).

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Depending upon how humanity chooses to use it, technology can enhance or ____(i) any aspect of life. The realm of interpersonal communication generally feels this impact first. Many times throughout history, humanity has changed its modes of communication as society itself has ____(ii). As people began to spread out geographically, verbal communication turned to writing to make it more ____(iii). Then, people invented ways of carrying both conversation and written communication between their communities to keep in ____(iv) with one another as travel became simpler. With the advent of the telephone, people began to wonder if picking up the receiver to call one another would eventually ___(v) out other forms of communication. So far, as families and friends have moved away from one another, the telephone, even its cellular form, has allowed humanity to ___(vi) the necessary links among its members. Naturally, now that computers, instant and text messaging, and other forms of communication have found their way into the world, people not familiar with these technologies wonder what they will do to the human race. Etiquette experts and those raised on writing formal letters often ___(vii) that e-mail and text message lingo will replace the language of pen and paper. This will not _____(viii) and both methods of communication can survive to enhance humans enjoyment of one another's company,  if the next generation learns how to ____(ix) both. Each form of communication can survive with its own rules as people learn which situations in life ___(x) for which level of formality and which of the people they spend time with can connect better with which type of language.

Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case and fill in the blank (vi).

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Depending upon how humanity chooses to use it, technology can enhance or ____(i) any aspect of life. The realm of interpersonal communication generally feels this impact first. Many times throughout history, humanity has changed its modes of communication as society itself has ____(ii). As people began to spread out geographically, verbal communication turned to writing to make it more ____(iii). Then, people invented ways of carrying both conversation and written communication between their communities to keep in ____(iv) with one another as travel became simpler. With the advent of the telephone, people began to wonder if picking up the receiver to call one another would eventually ___(v) out other forms of communication. So far, as families and friends have moved away from one another, the telephone, even its cellular form, has allowed humanity to ___(vi) the necessary links among its members. Naturally, now that computers, instant and text messaging, and other forms of communication have found their way into the world, people not familiar with these technologies wonder what they will do to the human race. Etiquette experts and those raised on writing formal letters often ___(vii) that e-mail and text message lingo will replace the language of pen and paper. This will not _____(viii) and both methods of communication can survive to enhance humans enjoyment of one another's company,  if the next generation learns how to ____(ix) both. Each form of communication can survive with its own rules as people learn which situations in life ___(x) for which level of formality and which of the people they spend time with can connect better with which type of language.

Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case and fill in the blank (iii).

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Depending upon how humanity chooses to use it, technology can enhance or ____(i) any aspect of life. The realm of interpersonal communication generally feels this impact first. Many times throughout history, humanity has changed its modes of communication as society itself has ____(ii). As people began to spread out geographically, verbal communication turned to writing to make it more ____(iii). Then, people invented ways of carrying both conversation and written communication between their communities to keep in ____(iv) with one another as travel became simpler. With the advent of the telephone, people began to wonder if picking up the receiver to call one another would eventually ___(v) out other forms of communication. So far, as families and friends have moved away from one another, the telephone, even its cellular form, has allowed humanity to ___(vi) the necessary links among its members. Naturally, now that computers, instant and text messaging, and other forms of communication have found their way into the world, people not familiar with these technologies wonder what they will do to the human race. Etiquette experts and those raised on writing formal letters often ___(vii) that e-mail and text message lingo will replace the language of pen and paper. This will not _____(viii) and both methods of communication can survive to enhance humans enjoyment of one another's company,  if the next generation learns how to ____(ix) both. Each form of communication can survive with its own rules as people learn which situations in life ___(x) for which level of formality and which of the people they spend time with can connect better with which type of language.

Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case and fill in the blank (x).

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Depending upon how humanity chooses to use it, technology can enhance or ____(i) any aspect of life. The realm of interpersonal communication generally feels this impact first. Many times throughout history, humanity has changed its modes of communication as society itself has ____(ii). As people began to spread out geographically, verbal communication turned to writing to make it more ____(iii). Then, people invented ways of carrying both conversation and written communication between their communities to keep in ____(iv) with one another as travel became simpler. With the advent of the telephone, people began to wonder if picking up the receiver to call one another would eventually ___(v) out other forms of communication. So far, as families and friends have moved away from one another, the telephone, even its cellular form, has allowed humanity to ___(vi) the necessary links among its members. Naturally, now that computers, instant and text messaging, and other forms of communication have found their way into the world, people not familiar with these technologies wonder what they will do to the human race. Etiquette experts and those raised on writing formal letters often ___(vii) that e-mail and text message lingo will replace the language of pen and paper. This will not _____(viii) and both methods of communication can survive to enhance humans enjoyment of one another's company,  if the next generation learns how to ____(ix) both. Each form of communication can survive with its own rules as people learn which situations in life ___(x) for which level of formality and which of the people they spend time with can connect better with which type of language.

Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case and fill in the blank (viii).

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Depending upon how humanity chooses to use it, technology can enhance or ____(i) any aspect of life. The realm of interpersonal communication generally feels this impact first. Many times throughout history, humanity has changed its modes of communication as society itself has ____(ii). As people began to spread out geographically, verbal communication turned to writing to make it more ____(iii). Then, people invented ways of carrying both conversation and written communication between their communities to keep in ____(iv) with one another as travel became simpler. With the advent of the telephone, people began to wonder if picking up the receiver to call one another would eventually ___(v) out other forms of communication. So far, as families and friends have moved away from one another, the telephone, even its cellular form, has allowed humanity to ___(vi) the necessary links among its members. Naturally, now that computers, instant and text messaging, and other forms of communication have found their way into the world, people not familiar with these technologies wonder what they will do to the human race. Etiquette experts and those raised on writing formal letters often ___(vii) that e-mail and text message lingo will replace the language of pen and paper. This will not _____(viii) and both methods of communication can survive to enhance humans enjoyment of one another's company,  if the next generation learns how to ____(ix) both. Each form of communication can survive with its own rules as people learn which situations in life ___(x) for which level of formality and which of the people they spend time with can connect better with which type of language.

Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case and fill in the blank (ix).

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Depending upon how humanity chooses to use it, technology can enhance or ____(i) any aspect of life. The realm of interpersonal communication generally feels this impact first. Many times throughout history, humanity has changed its modes of communication as society itself has ____(ii). As people began to spread out geographically, verbal communication turned to writing to make it more ____(iii). Then, people invented ways of carrying both conversation and written communication between their communities to keep in ____(iv) with one another as travel became simpler. With the advent of the telephone, people began to wonder if picking up the receiver to call one another would eventually ___(v) out other forms of communication. So far, as families and friends have moved away from one another, the telephone, even its cellular form, has allowed humanity to ___(vi) the necessary links among its members. Naturally, now that computers, instant and text messaging, and other forms of communication have found their way into the world, people not familiar with these technologies wonder what they will do to the human race. Etiquette experts and those raised on writing formal letters often ___(vii) that e-mail and text message lingo will replace the language of pen and paper. This will not _____(viii) and both methods of communication can survive to enhance humans enjoyment of one another's company,  if the next generation learns how to ____(ix) both. Each form of communication can survive with its own rules as people learn which situations in life ___(x) for which level of formality and which of the people they spend time with can connect better with which type of language.

As proposed in the passage, when does magnetic reversal take place?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Nothing is sure, but death and taxes, and of course, north is north and south is south, and thus, it has always been so. But, this is what they say, and there is no guarantee that it is the truth. You can believe that death and taxes are for real, but you might want to reconsider the part about south is south and north is north because many times during the history of our planet, north has become south and south has become north. This may sound extraordinarily fictitious, but it is true and a process called magnetic reversal is behind it. 
Paleogeologists have found that this phenomenon is the real thing, in a field study known as paleomagnetism, by investigating rocks. There is a lot that goes on before anything can be deciphered from the rocks. When rocks are being formed from magma, atoms within their crystals respond to Earth’s magnetic field by pointing towards the magnetic North pole of Earth. The magnetic force of attraction is generated by the North Pole on the atoms of rocks. By age dating the rocks and their magnetic alignment, scientists can determine where on Earth the North Pole was located at the time because as the rocks solidified, they trapped information within them. The study of ancient lava flows has shown that at certain periods in Earth’s history, magnetic north was located exactly at the place it is located at the moment.

It has now been determined that this reversal takes place quite regularly, i.e. every 500,000 years. The last reversal is said to have taken place approximately 700,000 years ago. The name given by scientists to the periods “normal” polarity is the magnetic orientation of the era. On the other hand, “reversed” polarity or the magnetic orientation of the reverse situation is called “magnetic chrons”.

Although, the fact of such reversal is clear, the answers to the how and why questions are debatable. Because no one precisely knows how Earth’s magnetic field is produced, it becomes difficult to say how it might be reversed. Among explanations proposed, is a reversal of direction of convection currents in the liquid outer core of the Earth or the collision between Earth and a meteorite or a comet. While the precise effects of reversal are not known, there can be little doubt that Earth would receive a great deal more damaging ultraviolet radiation during the process than it does now. There has also been correlation between such occurrences and the extinction of certain species of animals in the past.  

According to the passage, what is the effect of magnetic reversal?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Nothing is sure, but death and taxes, and of course, north is north and south is south, and thus, it has always been so. But, this is what they say, and there is no guarantee that it is the truth. You can believe that death and taxes are for real, but you might want to reconsider the part about south is south and north is north because many times during the history of our planet, north has become south and south has become north. This may sound extraordinarily fictitious, but it is true and a process called magnetic reversal is behind it. 
Paleogeologists have found that this phenomenon is the real thing, in a field study known as paleomagnetism, by investigating rocks. There is a lot that goes on before anything can be deciphered from the rocks. When rocks are being formed from magma, atoms within their crystals respond to Earth’s magnetic field by pointing towards the magnetic North pole of Earth. The magnetic force of attraction is generated by the North Pole on the atoms of rocks. By age dating the rocks and their magnetic alignment, scientists can determine where on Earth the North Pole was located at the time because as the rocks solidified, they trapped information within them. The study of ancient lava flows has shown that at certain periods in Earth’s history, magnetic north was located exactly at the place it is located at the moment.

It has now been determined that this reversal takes place quite regularly, i.e. every 500,000 years. The last reversal is said to have taken place approximately 700,000 years ago. The name given by scientists to the periods “normal” polarity is the magnetic orientation of the era. On the other hand, “reversed” polarity or the magnetic orientation of the reverse situation is called “magnetic chrons”.

Although, the fact of such reversal is clear, the answers to the how and why questions are debatable. Because no one precisely knows how Earth’s magnetic field is produced, it becomes difficult to say how it might be reversed. Among explanations proposed, is a reversal of direction of convection currents in the liquid outer core of the Earth or the collision between Earth and a meteorite or a comet. While the precise effects of reversal are not known, there can be little doubt that Earth would receive a great deal more damaging ultraviolet radiation during the process than it does now. There has also been correlation between such occurrences and the extinction of certain species of animals in the past.  

According to the passage, which of the following was crucial to the discovery of magnetic reversal?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Nothing is sure, but death and taxes, and of course, north is north and south is south, and thus, it has always been so. But, this is what they say, and there is no guarantee that it is the truth. You can believe that death and taxes are for real, but you might want to reconsider the part about south is south and north is north because many times during the history of our planet, north has become south and south has become north. This may sound extraordinarily fictitious, but it is true and a process called magnetic reversal is behind it. 
Paleogeologists have found that this phenomenon is the real thing, in a field study known as paleomagnetism, by investigating rocks. There is a lot that goes on before anything can be deciphered from the rocks. When rocks are being formed from magma, atoms within their crystals respond to Earth’s magnetic field by pointing towards the magnetic North pole of Earth. The magnetic force of attraction is generated by the North Pole on the atoms of rocks. By age dating the rocks and their magnetic alignment, scientists can determine where on Earth the North Pole was located at the time because as the rocks solidified, they trapped information within them. The study of ancient lava flows has shown that at certain periods in Earth’s history, magnetic north was located exactly at the place it is located at the moment.

It has now been determined that this reversal takes place quite regularly, i.e. every 500,000 years. The last reversal is said to have taken place approximately 700,000 years ago. The name given by scientists to the periods “normal” polarity is the magnetic orientation of the era. On the other hand, “reversed” polarity or the magnetic orientation of the reverse situation is called “magnetic chrons”.

Although, the fact of such reversal is clear, the answers to the how and why questions are debatable. Because no one precisely knows how Earth’s magnetic field is produced, it becomes difficult to say how it might be reversed. Among explanations proposed, is a reversal of direction of convection currents in the liquid outer core of the Earth or the collision between Earth and a meteorite or a comet. While the precise effects of reversal are not known, there can be little doubt that Earth would receive a great deal more damaging ultraviolet radiation during the process than it does now. There has also been correlation between such occurrences and the extinction of certain species of animals in the past.  

According to the passage, what is/are the possible cause(s) behind magnetic reversal?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Nothing is sure, but death and taxes, and of course, north is north and south is south, and thus, it has always been so. But, this is what they say, and there is no guarantee that it is the truth. You can believe that death and taxes are for real, but you might want to reconsider the part about south is south and north is north because many times during the history of our planet, north has become south and south has become north. This may sound extraordinarily fictitious, but it is true and a process called magnetic reversal is behind it. 
Paleogeologists have found that this phenomenon is the real thing, in a field study known as paleomagnetism, by investigating rocks. There is a lot that goes on before anything can be deciphered from the rocks. When rocks are being formed from magma, atoms within their crystals respond to Earth’s magnetic field by pointing towards the magnetic North pole of Earth. The magnetic force of attraction is generated by the North Pole on the atoms of rocks. By age dating the rocks and their magnetic alignment, scientists can determine where on Earth the North Pole was located at the time because as the rocks solidified, they trapped information within them. The study of ancient lava flows has shown that at certain periods in Earth’s history, magnetic north was located exactly at the place it is located at the moment.

It has now been determined that this reversal takes place quite regularly, i.e. every 500,000 years. The last reversal is said to have taken place approximately 700,000 years ago. The name given by scientists to the periods “normal” polarity is the magnetic orientation of the era. On the other hand, “reversed” polarity or the magnetic orientation of the reverse situation is called “magnetic chrons”.

Although, the fact of such reversal is clear, the answers to the how and why questions are debatable. Because no one precisely knows how Earth’s magnetic field is produced, it becomes difficult to say how it might be reversed. Among explanations proposed, is a reversal of direction of convection currents in the liquid outer core of the Earth or the collision between Earth and a meteorite or a comet. While the precise effects of reversal are not known, there can be little doubt that Earth would receive a great deal more damaging ultraviolet radiation during the process than it does now. There has also been correlation between such occurrences and the extinction of certain species of animals in the past.  

What is the purpose behind using the term 'death and taxes' in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Nothing is sure, but death and taxes, and of course, north is north and south is south, and thus, it has always been so. But, this is what they say, and there is no guarantee that it is the truth. You can believe that death and taxes are for real, but you might want to reconsider the part about south is south and north is north because many times during the history of our planet, north has become south and south has become north. This may sound extraordinarily fictitious, but it is true and a process called magnetic reversal is behind it. 
Paleogeologists have found that this phenomenon is the real thing, in a field study known as paleomagnetism, by investigating rocks. There is a lot that goes on before anything can be deciphered from the rocks. When rocks are being formed from magma, atoms within their crystals respond to Earth’s magnetic field by pointing towards the magnetic North pole of Earth. The magnetic force of attraction is generated by the North Pole on the atoms of rocks. By age dating the rocks and their magnetic alignment, scientists can determine where on Earth the North Pole was located at the time because as the rocks solidified, they trapped information within them. The study of ancient lava flows has shown that at certain periods in Earth’s history, magnetic north was located exactly at the place it is located at the moment.

It has now been determined that this reversal takes place quite regularly, i.e. every 500,000 years. The last reversal is said to have taken place approximately 700,000 years ago. The name given by scientists to the periods “normal” polarity is the magnetic orientation of the era. On the other hand, “reversed” polarity or the magnetic orientation of the reverse situation is called “magnetic chrons”.

Although, the fact of such reversal is clear, the answers to the how and why questions are debatable. Because no one precisely knows how Earth’s magnetic field is produced, it becomes difficult to say how it might be reversed. Among explanations proposed, is a reversal of direction of convection currents in the liquid outer core of the Earth or the collision between Earth and a meteorite or a comet. While the precise effects of reversal are not known, there can be little doubt that Earth would receive a great deal more damaging ultraviolet radiation during the process than it does now. There has also been correlation between such occurrences and the extinction of certain species of animals in the past.  

The main purpose of the passage is to

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Nothing is sure, but death and taxes, and of course, north is north and south is south, and thus, it has always been so. But, this is what they say, and there is no guarantee that it is the truth. You can believe that death and taxes are for real, but you might want to reconsider the part about south is south and north is north because many times during the history of our planet, north has become south and south has become north. This may sound extraordinarily fictitious, but it is true and a process called magnetic reversal is behind it. 
Paleogeologists have found that this phenomenon is the real thing, in a field study known as paleomagnetism, by investigating rocks. There is a lot that goes on before anything can be deciphered from the rocks. When rocks are being formed from magma, atoms within their crystals respond to Earth’s magnetic field by pointing towards the magnetic North pole of Earth. The magnetic force of attraction is generated by the North Pole on the atoms of rocks. By age dating the rocks and their magnetic alignment, scientists can determine where on Earth the North Pole was located at the time because as the rocks solidified, they trapped information within them. The study of ancient lava flows has shown that at certain periods in Earth’s history, magnetic north was located exactly at the place it is located at the moment.

It has now been determined that this reversal takes place quite regularly, i.e. every 500,000 years. The last reversal is said to have taken place approximately 700,000 years ago. The name given by scientists to the periods “normal” polarity is the magnetic orientation of the era. On the other hand, “reversed” polarity or the magnetic orientation of the reverse situation is called “magnetic chrons”.

Although, the fact of such reversal is clear, the answers to the how and why questions are debatable. Because no one precisely knows how Earth’s magnetic field is produced, it becomes difficult to say how it might be reversed. Among explanations proposed, is a reversal of direction of convection currents in the liquid outer core of the Earth or the collision between Earth and a meteorite or a comet. While the precise effects of reversal are not known, there can be little doubt that Earth would receive a great deal more damaging ultraviolet radiation during the process than it does now. There has also been correlation between such occurrences and the extinction of certain species of animals in the past.  

Magnetic reversal refers to

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Nothing is sure, but death and taxes, and of course, north is north and south is south, and thus, it has always been so. But, this is what they say, and there is no guarantee that it is the truth. You can believe that death and taxes are for real, but you might want to reconsider the part about south is south and north is north because many times during the history of our planet, north has become south and south has become north. This may sound extraordinarily fictitious, but it is true and a process called magnetic reversal is behind it. 
Paleogeologists have found that this phenomenon is the real thing, in a field study known as paleomagnetism, by investigating rocks. There is a lot that goes on before anything can be deciphered from the rocks. When rocks are being formed from magma, atoms within their crystals respond to Earth’s magnetic field by pointing towards the magnetic North pole of Earth. The magnetic force of attraction is generated by the North Pole on the atoms of rocks. By age dating the rocks and their magnetic alignment, scientists can determine where on Earth the North Pole was located at the time because as the rocks solidified, they trapped information within them. The study of ancient lava flows has shown that at certain periods in Earth’s history, magnetic north was located exactly at the place it is located at the moment.

It has now been determined that this reversal takes place quite regularly, i.e. every 500,000 years. The last reversal is said to have taken place approximately 700,000 years ago. The name given by scientists to the periods “normal” polarity is the magnetic orientation of the era. On the other hand, “reversed” polarity or the magnetic orientation of the reverse situation is called “magnetic chrons”.

Although, the fact of such reversal is clear, the answers to the how and why questions are debatable. Because no one precisely knows how Earth’s magnetic field is produced, it becomes difficult to say how it might be reversed. Among explanations proposed, is a reversal of direction of convection currents in the liquid outer core of the Earth or the collision between Earth and a meteorite or a comet. While the precise effects of reversal are not known, there can be little doubt that Earth would receive a great deal more damaging ultraviolet radiation during the process than it does now. There has also been correlation between such occurrences and the extinction of certain species of animals in the past.  

One can infer from the passage that

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Nothing is sure, but death and taxes, and of course, north is north and south is south, and thus, it has always been so. But, this is what they say, and there is no guarantee that it is the truth. You can believe that death and taxes are for real, but you might want to reconsider the part about south is south and north is north because many times during the history of our planet, north has become south and south has become north. This may sound extraordinarily fictitious, but it is true and a process called magnetic reversal is behind it. 
Paleogeologists have found that this phenomenon is the real thing, in a field study known as paleomagnetism, by investigating rocks. There is a lot that goes on before anything can be deciphered from the rocks. When rocks are being formed from magma, atoms within their crystals respond to Earth’s magnetic field by pointing towards the magnetic North pole of Earth. The magnetic force of attraction is generated by the North Pole on the atoms of rocks. By age dating the rocks and their magnetic alignment, scientists can determine where on Earth the North Pole was located at the time because as the rocks solidified, they trapped information within them. The study of ancient lava flows has shown that at certain periods in Earth’s history, magnetic north was located exactly at the place it is located at the moment.

It has now been determined that this reversal takes place quite regularly, i.e. every 500,000 years. The last reversal is said to have taken place approximately 700,000 years ago. The name given by scientists to the periods “normal” polarity is the magnetic orientation of the era. On the other hand, “reversed” polarity or the magnetic orientation of the reverse situation is called “magnetic chrons”.

Although, the fact of such reversal is clear, the answers to the how and why questions are debatable. Because no one precisely knows how Earth’s magnetic field is produced, it becomes difficult to say how it might be reversed. Among explanations proposed, is a reversal of direction of convection currents in the liquid outer core of the Earth or the collision between Earth and a meteorite or a comet. While the precise effects of reversal are not known, there can be little doubt that Earth would receive a great deal more damaging ultraviolet radiation during the process than it does now. There has also been correlation between such occurrences and the extinction of certain species of animals in the past.  

The word 'trapped' in the passage is closest in meaning to

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Nothing is sure, but death and taxes, and of course, north is north and south is south, and thus, it has always been so. But, this is what they say, and there is no guarantee that it is the truth. You can believe that death and taxes are for real, but you might want to reconsider the part about south is south and north is north because many times during the history of our planet, north has become south and south has become north. This may sound extraordinarily fictitious, but it is true and a process called magnetic reversal is behind it. 
Paleogeologists have found that this phenomenon is the real thing, in a field study known as paleomagnetism, by investigating rocks. There is a lot that goes on before anything can be deciphered from the rocks. When rocks are being formed from magma, atoms within their crystals respond to Earth’s magnetic field by pointing towards the magnetic North pole of Earth. The magnetic force of attraction is generated by the North Pole on the atoms of rocks. By age dating the rocks and their magnetic alignment, scientists can determine where on Earth the North Pole was located at the time because as the rocks solidified, they trapped information within them. The study of ancient lava flows has shown that at certain periods in Earth’s history, magnetic north was located exactly at the place it is located at the moment.

It has now been determined that this reversal takes place quite regularly, i.e. every 500,000 years. The last reversal is said to have taken place approximately 700,000 years ago. The name given by scientists to the periods “normal” polarity is the magnetic orientation of the era. On the other hand, “reversed” polarity or the magnetic orientation of the reverse situation is called “magnetic chrons”.

Although, the fact of such reversal is clear, the answers to the how and why questions are debatable. Because no one precisely knows how Earth’s magnetic field is produced, it becomes difficult to say how it might be reversed. Among explanations proposed, is a reversal of direction of convection currents in the liquid outer core of the Earth or the collision between Earth and a meteorite or a comet. While the precise effects of reversal are not known, there can be little doubt that Earth would receive a great deal more damaging ultraviolet radiation during the process than it does now. There has also been correlation between such occurrences and the extinction of certain species of animals in the past.  

'Convection currents' in the passage refers to

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Nothing is sure, but death and taxes, and of course, north is north and south is south, and thus, it has always been so. But, this is what they say, and there is no guarantee that it is the truth. You can believe that death and taxes are for real, but you might want to reconsider the part about south is south and north is north because many times during the history of our planet, north has become south and south has become north. This may sound extraordinarily fictitious, but it is true and a process called magnetic reversal is behind it. 
Paleogeologists have found that this phenomenon is the real thing, in a field study known as paleomagnetism, by investigating rocks. There is a lot that goes on before anything can be deciphered from the rocks. When rocks are being formed from magma, atoms within their crystals respond to Earth’s magnetic field by pointing towards the magnetic North pole of Earth. The magnetic force of attraction is generated by the North Pole on the atoms of rocks. By age dating the rocks and their magnetic alignment, scientists can determine where on Earth the North Pole was located at the time because as the rocks solidified, they trapped information within them. The study of ancient lava flows has shown that at certain periods in Earth’s history, magnetic north was located exactly at the place it is located at the moment.

It has now been determined that this reversal takes place quite regularly, i.e. every 500,000 years. The last reversal is said to have taken place approximately 700,000 years ago. The name given by scientists to the periods “normal” polarity is the magnetic orientation of the era. On the other hand, “reversed” polarity or the magnetic orientation of the reverse situation is called “magnetic chrons”.

Although, the fact of such reversal is clear, the answers to the how and why questions are debatable. Because no one precisely knows how Earth’s magnetic field is produced, it becomes difficult to say how it might be reversed. Among explanations proposed, is a reversal of direction of convection currents in the liquid outer core of the Earth or the collision between Earth and a meteorite or a comet. While the precise effects of reversal are not known, there can be little doubt that Earth would receive a great deal more damaging ultraviolet radiation during the process than it does now. There has also been correlation between such occurrences and the extinction of certain species of animals in the past.  

Directions: In the following sentence, there are two blank spaces. Below the sentence there are four pairs of words given in the options (1), (2), (3) and (4). Find out which pair of words can be used to fill in the blanks in the sentence in the same sequence to make the sentence meaningful and complete.

As the train reached full speed, the _______ of speeding wheels _______ Peter’s ears.

Directions: The sentence contains either a single error or no error at all. The sentence does not contain more than one error. If the sentence contains an error, select the underlined part that must be changed to make the sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice (E). In choosing the answer, follow the requirements of standard written English.

He (A) has been invited (B) to attend the annual day of the college (C) as a distinguished (D) alumni. (E) No error

Directions: The following sentence contains either a single error or no error at all. The sentence does not contain more than one error. If the sentence contains an error, select the underlined part that must be changed to make the sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice (E). In choosing the answer, follow the requirements of standard written English.

(A) Senior colleagues (B) often hope that (C) they will be well acquainted (D) with the affairs of their junior colleagues. (E) No error

Directions: The following sentence contains either a single error or no error at all. The sentence does not contain more than one error. If the sentence contains an error, select the underlined part that must be changed to make the sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice (E). In choosing the answer, follow the requirements of standard written English.

The Hindus (A) have been celebrating (B) many festivals (C) since time immemorial (D) but no one knows when they started. (E) No error

Directions: The sentence contains either a single error or no error at all. The sentence does not contain more than one error. If the sentence contains an error, select the underlined part that must be changed to make the sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice (E). In choosing the answer, follow the requirements of standard written English.

(A) I met him (B) as soon as he arrived at the Art gallery (C) and told him that I was (D) too glad to meet him. (E) No error

Directions: The sentence contains either a single error or no error at all. The sentence does not contain more than one error. If the sentence contains an error, select the underlined part that must be changed to make the sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice (E). In choosing the answer, follow the requirements of standard written English.

(A) Black ladies shoes (B) are for sale here (C) but no customer (D) is prepared to buy them. (E) No error