Multiple choice

If $\sigma_h, \sigma_w, \sigma_n$ and $\sigma_w$ represent the total horizontal stress, total vertical stress, effective horizontal stress and effective vertical stress on a soil element respectively, the coefficient of earth pressure at rest is given by

  1. $\frac{\sigma_h}{\sigma_w}$
  2. $\frac{\sigma_h}{\sigma_w}$
  3. $\frac{\sigma_w}{\sigma_h}$
  4. $\frac{\sigma_w}{\sigma_h}$
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