Directions: A brief passage or a statement is given and a question is asked, based on the information provided in the passage/statement. Critically examine the five alternative answer options marked (1) to (5) and choose the best answer. �I think, therefore I am.� This conclusion suffers from the fault of

The conclusion is valid, so options (2) and (5) are ruled out as possible answers. Simplicity cannot be faulted, rendering option (1) wrong. Valid conclusions have to follow a sequence. Thus option (3) is also wrong. The entire reasoning is circular as one can think only if one is living. (Reverse this line and see for yourself). Hence option (4) is the right answer.