Multiple choice

If P, then Q. If Q, then R. If R, then S. If all of the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true?

  1. If S, then P.

  2. If not Q, then not R.

  3. If not S, then not P.

  4. If S, then T.

  5. If not P, then not S.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The definite conclusions that can be drawn from a statement like ‘If X then Y’ are: X => Y and X not => Y not. Pursuing the chain in reverse order, we arrive at S not => P not. Hence option (3) is correct.

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