Multiple choice

Consider the following regarding the defeat of Marathas in the third battle of Panipat-

  1. Tactical errors by Sadashiv Rao Bhao
  2. Superior generalship of Ahmad Shah Abdali.
  3. Presence of a large number of noncombatants in the Maratha army.
  4. Treachery of a commander, Ibrahim Khan Gardi, of the Maratha army. Which of these were the causes of the defeat of Marathas?

  1. 1, 2 and 3

  2. 2, 3 and 4

  3. 1 and 4

  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4
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A Correct answer
Explanation

The Maratha defeat in 1761 was caused by several factors, including the superior military leadership and artillery of Ahmad Shah Abdali and tactical mistakes by the Maratha commander Sadashiv Rao Bhau. Additionally, the Maratha camp was burdened by a massive number of non-combatant pilgrims, which strained resources. Ibrahim Khan Gardi, however, remained loyal to the Marathas and led their artillery effectively until his capture and death.

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