Multiple choice

When water is boiled for sometime, it becomes free from

  1. both permanent and temporary hardness

  2. its heavy water content

  3. permanent hardness only

  4. temporary hardness only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Boiling removes temporary hardness caused by bicarbonates (Ca(HCO3)2 and Mg(HCO3)2) by converting them to insoluble carbonates. Permanent hardness from chlorides and sulfates cannot be removed by boiling alone - it requires ion exchange or other treatment methods.

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