Plaster of Paris is calcium sulfate hemihydrate, represented as CaSO4·1/2H2O, meaning each calcium sulfate unit is associated with half a water molecule. It's produced by heating gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) to about 150°C, which drives off about 1.5 water molecules per unit. When mixed with water, it rehydrates to form gypsum, creating a hard solid - the basis for casts and molds.