Muhammad bin Qasim, a 17-year-old Umayyad general, conquered Sind in 712 CE on orders from Caliph Al-Walid I. He defeated Dahir, the Hindu ruler of Sind, at the Battle of Rawar. This marked the first major Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent and established Islamic rule in the region. The conquest opened Sind to Islamic culture, trade, and administrative systems.