The annexation of Oudh (Awadh) in 1856 under the Doctrine of Lapse was Dalhousie's worst political blunder. Oudh's nawab was loyal to the British, and the annexation was seen as unjust and dishonorable. It alienated the Muslim aristocracy and sepoys from Oudh, becoming a major immediate cause of the 1857 Revolt. Other annexations (Punjab, lower Burma) had strategic or economic justifications, but Oudh's annexation was politically disastrous.