The Arthashastra, a comprehensive treatise on statecraft, economics, military strategy, and administration, was authored by Kautilya (also known as Chanakya or Vishnugupta) around the 3rd century BCE. Serving as the advisor to Chandragupta Maurya, Kautilya composed this seminal work covering aspects of governance, law, diplomacy, and economic policy that remains influential even today.