A perfect number is a positive integer equal to the sum of its proper divisors (excluding itself). 6 is the smallest perfect number because its proper divisors are 1, 2, 3, and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6. The next perfect number is 28 (1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28). 2, 3, and 4 are not perfect numbers as their proper divisors don't sum to themselves.