The Government of India Act 1935 introduced Provincial Autonomy, where provinces were given significant powers and could function autonomously in their delegated areas. The Act came into effect in 1937. The 1919 Act (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms) introduced dyarchy (dual governance), the 1909 Act (Morley-Minto) introduced separate electorates, and 1885 saw the formation of the Indian National Congress, not any constitutional act.