Multiple choice

Which of the following statements does not characterise the disorders of sodium and water metabolism by the kidneys?

  1. Excess aldosterone can cause both excess sodium retention and potassium secretion.

  2. Addison's diseases can be associated with excessive potassium secretion.

  3. Psychogenic polydipsia typically causes a high plasma sodium concentration .

  4. Body volume is typically decreased in Addison's disease.

  5. Body volume is regulated by body sodium content.
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C Correct answer
Explanation

In psychogenic polydipsia, prolonged excess water intake can lower plasma osmolality by a dilutional effect. Despite the kidneys efforts to produce a dilute urine, the patients intake of water may exceed the kidneys output of water and so dilute urine.

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