Which of the following is used to preserve confidentiality in software?
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Encryption
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Hashing
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Recovery
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Redundancy
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Encryption is the correct answer because it directly preserves confidentiality by making data unreadable to unauthorized parties. Encryption transforms plaintext into ciphertext that can only be read by parties with the decryption key. Hashing (B) provides integrity verification, not confidentiality. Recovery (C) is about restoring data after loss, not protecting secrecy. Redundancy (D) ensures availability through duplication, not confidentiality.