To answer this question, you need to understand the different techniques used in software testing. Let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:
Option A) Boundary value analysis - This option is incorrect because boundary value analysis focuses on testing values at the boundaries of equivalence partitions, not on achieving input and output coverage.
Option B) Equivalence partitioning - This option is correct because equivalence partitioning is a technique used to divide the input data into groups or partitions, where each partition is expected to behave in the same way. By selecting representative test cases from each partition, we can achieve input and output coverage.
Option C) Decision table testing - This option is incorrect because decision table testing is a technique used to test software behavior based on different combinations of inputs and corresponding actions or decisions. It does not specifically focus on achieving input and output coverage.
Option D) State transition testing - This option is incorrect because state transition testing is a technique used to test software behavior based on different states and transitions between states. It does not specifically focus on achieving input and output coverage.
The correct answer is B) Equivalence partitioning. This option is correct because equivalence partitioning helps achieve input and output coverage by selecting representative test cases from each partition.