Is test Automation framework is an Intellectual Property?

A test automation framework itself is generally not considered intellectual property because it is typically a methodology or structure for organizing tests rather than a unique invention. Frameworks often use common design patterns (Page Object Model, Data-Driven, Keyword-Driven) that are widely shared across the industry. However, specific proprietary code implementations within a framework could be protected, but the framework concept as a testing organizational structure is not inherently IP.