A Buffer over flow occurs when …
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The application does not have enough memory allocated to handle the large amount of input
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The Operating System does not have enough RAM to handle large amount of input
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The client does not have enough memory allocated to handle the large amount of input
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A variable in the program does not have enough memory allocated to handle the amount of input
Buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer (variable) than the space allocated for it, overflowing into adjacent memory. This is a variable-level issue, not a system-wide RAM problem (B). Options A and C are too vague about memory allocation. The vulnerability exists because the program doesn't check input size against the variable's allocated size before writing, allowing attackers to overwrite adjacent memory and potentially control execution flow.