Multiple choice technology security

Which among the below is an example of information leakage vulnerability

  1. Displaying “Welcome, “+request.getParameter(“userid”)

  2. Displaying “You entered either a wrong user id or password” error message

  3. Call stack trace

  4. Return error code 404

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Stack traces expose implementation details, file paths, framework versions, and variable states - all valuable intelligence for attackers. Unlike generic error messages, stack traces provide a roadmap of your application's internal structure.