The CKPT process is optional; which process assumes these duties if CKPT is not active?
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PMON
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SMON
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ARCH
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LGWR
When the CKPT (checkpoint) process is not active, the LGWR (Log Writer) process assumes its checkpoint duties. LGWR signals DBWR to write dirty buffers and updates checkpoint information in data file headers. PMON monitors processes, SMON handles instance recovery and free space coalescing, and ARCH archives redo logs - none of these handle checkpointing.
Correct answer: LGWR. The Checkpoint process (CKPT) is an optional Oracle background process that offloads the job of updating datafile headers and the control file with checkpoint information. If CKPT is not running, the Log Writer (LGWR) performs these checkpoint-related updates itself in addition to its normal redo-writing duties. PMON handles process recovery/cleanup, SMON handles instance recovery and space management, and ARCH archives filled redo logs — none of these take over checkpoint bookkeeping.