To answer this question, let's go through the code and the command-line invocation step by step.
The code provided is a Java program that contains the main method. The main method takes an array of strings as a parameter (args). It checks if the length of the args array is equal to 1 and if the second element of the args array is equal to "test".
The command-line invocation is java Fork live2, which means that the args array will contain two elements: "live2" at index 0 and the length will be 1.
Now let's go through the options:
Option A) test case - This option is incorrect because the condition args.length == 1 evaluates to false since the length of the args array is 2. Therefore, the code will not print "test case".
Option B) production - This option is incorrect because the condition args.length == 1 evaluates to false. Therefore, the code will not enter the if block and will print "production live2".
Option C) test case live2 - This option is incorrect because the condition args.length == 1 evaluates to false. Therefore, the code will not print "test case", and the output will be "production live2".
Option D) Compilation fails - This option is incorrect because the code does not have any compilation errors.
Option E) An exception is thrown at runtime - This option is correct. In the condition args[1].equals("test"), it tries to access the second element of the args array (args[1]), but the args array only has one element (args[0]). Therefore, an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown at runtime.
The correct answer is E. An exception is thrown at runtime.