To answer this question, the user needs to know about the HttpSession and its setAttribute() method.
Option A: This option is incorrect. IllegalStateException is thrown when we try to set an attribute on an already invalidated session, not when we set an attribute with the same name.
Option B: This option is correct. A second call to setAttribute() with the same attribute name will just replace the previous value associated with the attribute name with the new value.
Option C: This option is incorrect. The Servlet Specification does define the behavior of HttpSession.setAttribute() method when it is called the second time with the same attribute name.
Option D: This option is incorrect as option B is the correct answer.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
The Answer is: B. A second call to setAttribute() with the same attribute name will just replace the previous value associated with the attribute name with the new value.