To answer this question, let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:
Option A) When declaring arguments length is not allowed - This option is incorrect because in the given procedure, the length is specified for the VARCHAR2 argument V_LAST_NAME.
Option B) When declaring arguments each argument must have a mode specified - This option is incorrect because in the given procedure, the mode for each argument is not specified. However, the absence of a mode specification does not cause the command to fail.
Option C) When declaring arguments each argument must have a length specified - This option is incorrect because in the given procedure, the length is specified for the VARCHAR2 argument V_LAST_NAME.
Option D) When declaring a VARCHAR2 argument it must be specified - This option is incorrect because in the given procedure, the VARCHAR2 argument V_LAST_NAME is specified.
The correct answer is A) When declaring arguments length is not allowed. This option is correct because in the given procedure, the length is specified for the VARCHAR2 argument V_LAST_NAME, which is not allowed. The correct syntax for declaring a VARCHAR2 argument should be VARCHAR2(30).
Therefore, the command fails when executed due to the incorrect length specification for the VARCHAR2 argument.