To answer this question, let's examine each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:
Option A) When declaring arguments length is not allowed - This option is incorrect because the length is allowed when declaring arguments in a procedure.
Option B) When declaring arguments each argument must have a mode specified - This option is incorrect because it is a valid requirement to specify the mode (IN, OUT, or IN OUT) for each argument when declaring a procedure. However, the given procedure does not specify the mode for the arguments, but this is not the reason why the command fails.
Option C) When declaring arguments each argument must have a length specified - This option is incorrect because it is not necessary to specify the length for every argument when declaring a procedure. The length is only required for certain data types, such as VARCHAR2 or RAW.
Option D) When declaring a VARCHAR2 argument it must be specified - This option is incorrect because it is not necessary to specify the VARCHAR2 data type when declaring a procedure. The data type can be specified as VARCHAR2 or VARCHAR, and both are valid.
The correct answer is A) When declaring arguments length is not allowed. This option is correct because in the given procedure, the V_LAST_NAME parameter is missing the length specification for the VARCHAR2 data type. The correct declaration should be V_LAST_NAME VARCHAR2(30) to specify the length.
Therefore, the command fails because the declaration of the V_LAST_NAME parameter is missing the length specification.