To answer this question, let's go through each statement to understand whether it is true or false:
Statement 1: An abstract class cannot be instantiated.
This statement is true. An abstract class cannot be directly instantiated, meaning you cannot create an object of an abstract class. However, you can create subclasses of an abstract class and instantiate those subclasses.
Statement 2: Constructors cannot be abstract.
This statement is true. Constructors cannot be declared as abstract because constructors are responsible for initializing objects, and abstract methods have no implementation.
Statement 3: A subclass of an abstract class must define the abstract methods.
This statement is true. If a class extends an abstract class, it must provide implementations for all the abstract methods defined in the abstract class. Failure to do so will result in a compilation error.
Statement 4: Static methods may be declared abstract.
This statement is false. Static methods cannot be declared as abstract because abstract methods are meant to be overridden in subclasses, but static methods belong to the class itself and cannot be overridden.
Based on the explanations above, the correct answer is C) Line 1 and Line 2 only.