To answer this question, you need to understand the concept of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system into seven different layers.
Each layer of the OSI model has a specific set of functions and protocols associated with it. The upper layers of the OSI model are responsible for providing services and interfaces to the user or application.
The upper layer protocols include the application, presentation, and session layers. These layers are responsible for tasks such as data formatting, encryption/decryption, session management, and application-specific functions.
Let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:
Option A) presentation and session - This option is incorrect because it only includes two out of the three upper layer protocols. The correct answer should include all three: application, presentation, and session.
Option B) application and presentation - This option is incorrect because it only includes two out of the three upper layer protocols. The correct answer should include all three: application, presentation, and session.
Option C) application, presentation, and session - This option is correct because it includes all three upper layer protocols: application, presentation, and session.
Option D) application, presentation, session, and transport - This option is incorrect because it includes the transport layer, which is not part of the upper layers. The upper layers consist of the application, presentation, and session layers.
Option E) application - This option is incorrect because it only includes one out of the three upper layer protocols. The correct answer should include all three: application, presentation, and session.
The correct answer is Option C) application, presentation, and session. This option is correct because it includes all three upper layer protocols according to the OSI model.