Tag: bacteria

Bacteria like E. coli have very short generation times. Combined with the high copy number of plasmid they produce, they duplicate the plasmid with pretty good fidelity for other uses. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is capable of transferring a particular DNA segment of the tumour-inducing (Ti) plasmid into the nucleus of infected cells where it is subsequently integrated into the host genome. 

• pBR322 is a widely-used E. coli cloning plasmid vector. 
• It was created in 1977 in the laboratory of Herbert Boyer at the University of California San Francisco. The p stands for " plasmid " and BR for "Bolivar " and " Rodriguez ", researchers who constructed it. 
• By using  pBR322 plasmid of E.coli Insulin, interferons and somatostatin can be synthesized through the genetic engineering procedure.
• So, the correct answer is 'Escherichia coli'.

The genus Pseudomonas are adapted to very different environments. This capability to thrive in various habitats coincides with an enormous metabolic capacity of this genus to use recalcitrant compounds as carbon source as well as to produce a wide range of secondary metabolites and biopolymers. Environmental applications of various Pseudomonas species in biodegradation of recalcitrant pollutants as well as biocontrol agents in plant growth promotion is very common.

Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions. They are classified as Archaea, a domain distinct from bacteria. They are common in wetlands, where they are responsible for marsh gas. Cyanobacteria are often called as blue-green algae. Cyanobacteria are a photosynthetic nitrogen fixing group that survive in wide variety of habitats, soils, and water. Mycoplasma refers to a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall. Mycoplasma can survive without oxygen.

AIDS (Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome) is a sexually transmitted disease. It is caused by HIV virus. Syphilis is a serious disease caused by spirochete Treponema pallidum. It is also a sexually transmitted disease. Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra. It is caused by bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis.

Anthrax is a bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It can occur in four forms: skin, lungs, intestinal, and injection. It commonly affects grazing animals like sheep, pigs, cattle, horses, goats. However, it rarely affects humans as well. Tick fever is a disease spread by the bite of an infected tick. It is caused by spirochete species like Borelliahermsii, Borelliaparkerii. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscles pains, rash. Coccidiosis is a disease of the intestinal tract of animals caused by coccidian protozoa. Symptoms include droopiness, loss of appetite, pale combs and wattles, blood or mucus in the feces, diarrhea, dehydration. Rinderpest is a disease of cattle caused by a paramyxovirus. Symptoms include fever, dysentery, inflammation of the mucous membranes.

a) Treponema pallidum is a spirochaete bacterium that causes syphilis. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease. 

Citrus canker is a disease that is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis. It affects the Citrus species of fruits such as lime, oranges, grapefruit. It results in the lesions on the leaves, stems, fruit and other parts of the citrus plants.

• Pneumonia is a serious disease caused by Diplococcus pneumoniae. It affects the lungs.
• Citrus canker disease is caused by bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis. It affects citrus species like sweet lime, lemon.
• Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae. It results in the severe watery diarrhea.
• Leprosy is a serious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It affects the skin, nervous system, mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes.