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Multiple choice metallic and electrolytic conduction electrolysis chemical reactions electrochemistry chemistry

 The standard electrode potentials ${\text{E}} _{{{\text{I}} _2}/{1^ - }}^ \circ ,{\text{E}} _{{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}^ - }/{\text{B}}{{\text{r}} _2}}^ \circ $ and ${\text{E}} _{{\text{Fe/F}}{{\text{e}}^{2 + }}}^ \circ $ are respectively $ + 0.54{\text{V,}} - 1.09{\text{V}}$ and 0.44 V. On the basis of the above data which of the following process is nonspontaneous?

  1. ${\text{B}}{{\text{r}} _2} + 2{{\text{I}}^ - }\;{\text{2B}}{{\text{r}}^ - } + {{\text{I}} _2}{\text{ }}$
  2. ${\text{Fe}} + {\text{B}}{{\text{r}} _2}\;{\text{F}}{{\text{e}}^{2 + }} + 2{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}^ - }$
  3. ${\text{Fe}} + {{\text{I}} _2}{\text{ F}}{{\text{e}}^{2 + }} + 2{{\text{I}}^ - }$
  4. ${{\text{I}} _2} + 2{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}^ - }2{{\text{I}}^ - } + {\text{B}}{{\text{r}} _2}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

the one which is having higher oxidation potential will undergo oxidation,

in D, $I^-$ is having lower reduction potential in comparison to $Br^-$, so has to undergo oxidation but in option D, it is getting oxidized.
hence, it is a nonspontaneous reaction.

Multiple choice metallic and electrolytic conduction electrolysis chemical reactions electrochemistry chemistry

An alkali which dissociates partially on passage of an electric current is:

  1. sodium hydroxide

  2. nickel metal

  3. ammonium hydroxide

  4. copper
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

We have,

Sodium chloride is an ionic compound which is already present in the ionic form and completely dissociated on the passage of electric current,
Nickel and copper metal have higher reduction potential so, reduction takes place on passage of electric current,
ammonium hydroxide is a weak base it is partially dissociated on the passage of electric current. 

Multiple choice imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

What type of stoichiometric defect is shown by $ZnS$?

  1. Schottky defect

  2. Frenkel defect

  3. Both Frenkel and Schottky defect

  4. Non-stoichiometric defect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The defect arises when some of the ions of the lattice occupy interstitial sites leaving lattice sites vacant is known as Frenkel defect. This defect is generally found in ionic crystals where anion is much larger in size than the cation.
The atomic sizes of $Zn$ and $S$ are different. So, we can say that they show Frenkel defect.
So, option $B$ is correct.
Multiple choice imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

Silver halides generally show ?

  1. Schottky defect

  2. Frenkel defect

  3. both Frenkel and Schottky defects

  4. cation excess defect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Silver halides show both Frenkel and Schotkky defects. For Frenkel defect the reason is that there is size difference between the sizes of silver and halide.

Schottky defect is possible because silver halides are highly ionic.
So, correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

Assertion: In any ionic solid $[MX]$ with schottky defects, the numbers of positive and negative ions are same.
Reason: Equal number of cation and anion vacancies are present.

  1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

  2. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

  3. Assertion is true but reason is false.

  4. Both assertion and reason are false.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Schottky Defect: This defect occurs when oppositely charged ions leave their lattice site creating vacancies in such a way that electrical neutrality of crystal is maintained. It is generally seen in highly ionic compounds where a difference in size of cation and anion is small. 

So, an equal number of cations and anions vacancies are present in the crystals with Schottky Defect.

Multiple choice imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

Which of the following defects is also known as dislocation defect?

  1. Frenkel defect

  2. Schottky defect

  3. Non-stoichimetric

  4. Simple interstitial defect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Frenkel defect is one in which atom is displaced from its lattice point to the interstitial site, creating a vacancy at the lattice point. Here, since dislocation of atom lattice point happens. So, it is also called as dislocation defect.

Multiple choice imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

Fill in the blanks by choosing an appropriate option. A sample of ferrous oxide has actual formula $Fe {0.93}O _{1.00}.$ In this sample __(i) fraction of metal ions are $Fe^+$ ions. ____(ii) type of non-stoichiometric defect is present in this sample. 

  1. (i) 0.849 (ii) Metal deficiency

  2. (i) 0.790 (ii) Metal deficiency

  3. (i) 0.145 (ii) Metal excess

  4. (i) 0.93 (ii) Vacancy defect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Given, sample of ferrous oxide is $Fe _{0.93}O _{1.00}$.

Let number of $Fe^{2+}$ ions is $x$ then number of $Fe^{3+}$ ions is $(0.93-x)$

Now, for electrical neutrality, $(+2)x + (+3)(0.93-x)=+2$

$\Rightarrow 2x+2.79 – 3x = 2$

$\Rightarrow x=0.79$

So, number of $Fe^{2+}$ ions $=0.79$

Number of $Fe^{3+}$ ions $=0.14$

So, fraction of $Fe^{2+}$ ions $= \cfrac {0.79}{0.93}=0.849$

$FeO$ has non stochiometric metal deficiency defect in which number of $Fe^{2+}$ ions are lesser than $O^-$ ions as compared to stochiometric formula. The neutrality is maintained to variable oxidation state possessing capability of $Fe$.

Multiple choice imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

The type of defect in $Nacl$ crystal will be -

  1. point defect

  2. interstitial will be

  3. vacancy defect

  4. impurity defect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

NaCl is an ionic crystal that typically exhibits Schottky defects, which are a type of vacancy defect where ions are missing from their lattice sites.

Multiple choice imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

If 1 mole of NaCl is doped with $10^{-3}$ mole of $SrCl _2$. What is the number of cationic  vacancies per mole of NaCl ?

  1. $10^{-3}\, mole ^{-1}$
  2. $6.02\times 10^{18}\, mole ^{-1}$
  3. $10^{50}\, mole ^{-1}$
  4. $6.02\times 10^{20}\, mole ^{-1}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

When NaCl is doped with SrCl2, each Sr2+ ion replaces two Na+ ions to maintain electrical neutrality, creating one cationic vacancy per Sr2+ ion added. Thus, 10^-3 mole of SrCl2 introduces 10^-3 moles of cationic vacancies, which when multiplied by Avogadro's number gives 6.02 x 10^20 per mole.