Tag: science & technology

MSI stands for Medium Scale Integrated Circuits. It refers to a level of integrated circuit complexity containing 10-1000 transistors per chip, between Small Scale Integration (SSI) and Large Scale Integration (LSI). 'System' and 'Intelligent' are incorrect.

The standard 3.5 inch floppy disk had a capacity of 1.44 MB. This became the most common floppy disk format in the 1990s. 1.40 MB is incorrect, and GB (gigabytes) is far too large for floppy technology.

The IBM 1401 was the first computer introduced in Nepal in 1971 for use in the census. It was a Second Generation transistor-based computer. The other options (1400, 1402) are not historically accurate for Nepal's first computer.

WAN stands for Wide Area Network, which is a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographical distance. It connects smaller networks like LANs (Local Area Networks) across cities, countries, or continents. Option B correctly identifies this expansion.

MICR stands for Magnetic Ink Character Reader, a technology used primarily in the banking industry for processing checks. The special magnetic ink allows machines to read characters accurately even if they're overprinted or written on. Option D is correct.

Winchester disk is the technology name for hard disks that are permanently sealed in contamination-free containers. The term comes from IBM's 3340 disk drive developed in 1973, which had 30MB of fixed storage. This sealed design protects the disk platters from dust and damage.

A complete computer system requires all three components: a Central Processing Unit (CPU) to execute instructions, memory to store data and programs temporarily, and Input/Output units to communicate with external devices and users. All components work together to function as a computer.

A spreadsheet is an application program that allows users to change numbers and immediately see the results of those changes through automatic recalculation. When you modify a cell value, all dependent formulas update instantly. This what-if analysis capability is the defining feature of spreadsheets like Excel or Google Sheets.

The instructions for starting the computer (boot process) are stored in Read-Only Memory (ROM) chips, specifically in the BIOS/UEFI firmware. ROM is non-volatile and retains its contents without power. The ROM chip contains the bootstrap loader that initializes hardware and loads the operating system.