Tag: science & technology

Azidothymidine (AZT) is the antiretroviral medication used for AIDS treatment. Retrovir is a brand name, and Azidothymidine Phosphate is not the standard drug name. Acyclovir treats herpes viruses, not HIV.

Robert Koch was the first to successfully grow microorganisms in pure culture using solid media, developing Koch's postulates. Robert Hooke observed microorganisms but did not grow them, Robert Brown discovered cell nuclei, and Robert Clive was a colonial administrator.

Gregor Johann Mendel established that traits are inherited through genes through his pea plant experiments, founding modern genetics. Thomas Hunt Morgan later confirmed this with fruit flies, showing genes are on chromosomes.

T.H. Morgan won the Nobel Prize in 1933 for his work on genetics using the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogarium), demonstrating that genes are located on chromosomes. G.J. Mendel founded genetics earlier, Eugene Simpson is not a known geneticist, and Charles Darwin proposed natural selection.

DNA is composed of nucleotide monomers linked together in a chain. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base.

Carcinogens are substances or agents that can cause cancer by damaging DNA or disrupting cellular metabolism, making option B the correct term.

DNA is indeed a key component of genes. A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the genetic code for making proteins or functional RNA molecules. DNA serves as the molecular repository of genetic information that genes carry and express.

DNA consists of three molecular components: nitrogenous bases (purines like adenine/guanine and pyrimidines like cytosine/thymine), deoxyribose sugar, and phosphate groups. These form the nucleotide structure. The statement correctly identifies all three.

Exons are the coding regions of genes that contain the actual genetic information (protein-coding sequences). They are retained in mature mRNA after splicing and translated into proteins. The phrasing "information carrying genes" is slightly imprecise (exons are parts of genes, not genes themselves), but the core meaning is correct.