Tag: science & technology

Pluto's average distance from the Sun is about 5.9 billion km, which matches 5865.6 million km. This is at the Kuiper Belt's edge.

The average distance from Earth to the Sun is approximately 149.6 million kilometers, known as one astronomical unit (AU). This value is used as a standard measuring unit for distances within our solar system. The other options are significantly higher or lower than the actual astronomical measurement.

Haemophilia is historically associated with European royal families, particularly Queen Victoria's descendants, earning it the nickname 'the royal disease.' The genetic mutation was passed through the royal houses of Britain, Germany, Russia, and Spain through Victoria's offspring. This occurred because royal intermarriage concentrated the X-linked recessive gene within these families.

AIDS (caused by HIV), mumps, and poliomyelitis are all viral diseases. AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), mumps by the mumps virus, and polio by poliovirus. This distinguishes them from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic diseases. While option D has some truth for AIDS (blood transmission can spread HIV), it doesn't apply to mumps or polio, making option C the unifying characteristic.

The human heart beats approximately 72 times per minute at rest. Each beat involves the heart valves opening and closing once. Calculating: 72 beats/minute × 60 minutes/hour × 24 hours/day = 103,680 times, which rounds to approximately 100,000 times per day. This makes option B the correct answer.

Photosynthesis is the only process listed that purifies air rather than polluting it. During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, improving air quality. The other options - cosmetics (contain VOCs), burning dead wood (releases smoke and particulate matter), and insecticides (chemical pollutants) - all contribute to air pollution in various ways.

Pepsin is the enzyme in gastric juice that begins protein digestion by breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides called peptones. It works optimally in the acidic environment of the stomach. Trypsin (from pancreas) further breaks down peptides, Erepsin (from intestinal juices) completes protein digestion by breaking peptides into amino acids, and Enterokinase activates trypsin.

The pituitary gland, often called the 'master gland,' is the smallest gland in the human body - approximately the size of a pea (about 0.5 grams) and located at the base of the brain. Despite its small size, it produces and regulates numerous hormones that control other endocrine glands and bodily functions. The liver is much larger, the thyroid is also small but larger than the pituitary, and salivary glands are visibly larger.