Tag: science & technology

The -NH2 functional group is called an amino group or amine. Amines are organic compounds derived from ammonia by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with organic groups. Chloro (A) refers to -Cl, amide (C) is -CONH2, and acid (D) refers to -COOH.

The -CONH2 functional group is called an amide. Amides are derived from carboxylic acids where the -OH group is replaced by -NH2. Fluoro (A) refers to -F, oxime (B) is =NOH, and nitro (D) is -NO2. The amide group is crucial in proteins (peptide bonds).

The -O- functional group (oxygen atom bridging two carbon atoms) is called an ether. Ethers have the general structure R-O-R'. Nitro (A) is -NO2, amino (B) is -NH2, and aldehyde (C) is -CHO (with a typo in the option). Common examples include diethyl ether used as an anesthetic.

The COO- group as part of R-COO-R' is an ester. Esters are formed from the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol. Amide (A) is -CONH2, amino (B) is -NH2, and acid (D) is -COOH. Esters are known for their pleasant fruity odors.

The -CHO functional group is called an aldehyde. Aldehydes have a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. Acid (A) is -COOH, ester (B) is R-COO-R', and nitro (C) is -NO2. Common aldehydes include formaldehyde and vanilla flavor. Note: The option spells it 'ALDIHYDE' but this is clearly intended to mean aldehyde.

The -F functional group is called fluoro (option D intended, though spelled 'FLORO' with a typo). The correct systematic name is 'fluoro'. Asid (A) appears to be a typo for acid (-COOH), alcohol (B) is -OH, and ester (C) is R-COO-R'. Fluoro compounds include Teflon and many pharmaceuticals.

The -OH functional group is called alcohol (or hydroxy when named as a substituent). Alcohols contain the hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom. Alkene (A) refers to C=C double bonds, chloro (B) is -Cl (with typo), and amide (D) is -CONH2. Common examples include ethanol and methanol.