Tag: science & technology

Oxygen has atomic number 8 (8 protons). Removing 2 protons leaves 6 protons, which is carbon (atomic number 6). This changes the element itself.

Adding a neutron to helium (2 protons) creates helium-3, which is still helium - just a different isotope. The element doesn't change because the number of protons remains the same.

Chemical properties are determined by how atoms interact and bond, which depends on the valence electrons - the electrons in the outermost shell. These are the electrons involved in chemical reactions.

If an atom decays to an intermediate state instead of the ground state, the energy difference is smaller, so the emitted photon has lower frequency and longer wavelength. Red light has lower energy than green light.

Aluminum (atomic number 13) has electron configuration 2, 8, 3. The outermost shell (third shell) contains 3 electrons. This follows the 2-n-squared rule for electron shells.

Alpha particle emission reduces atomic number by 2 because the alpha particle carries away 2 protons. Radium-88 becomes radon-86 with atomic number 86.

Gamma rays are uncharged photons, so the electric force F = qE equals zero. Electrons, beta particles (electrons), and alpha particles (helium nuclei) all have charge and experience forces in electric fields.

Dactyloscopy is the scientific term for the study of fingerprints, derived from the Greek word 'daktylos' meaning finger. Palynology is the study of pollen and spores, Entomology is the study of insects, and Trichology is the study of hair. Fingerprint analysis is a crucial tool in forensic science for identification.

The three fundamental fingerprint pattern types are arches, loops, and whorls. Spirals are not recognized as a basic pattern category in forensic science.

While fingerprint patterns are unique to individuals, some statistical similarities in pattern types (arches, loops, whorls) can be observed among family members due to genetic factors, unlike the complete randomness suggested in option B.